Question

В 1914 году Австро-Венгрия ,за спиной которой стояла Германия,начала войну с Сербией. Перед российским императором Николаем II встал нелегкий выбор:поддержать Сербию и вызвать войну как с Австро-Венгрией ,так и с ее союзницей Германией ,или отказать сербам в поддержке.Многие приближенные убеждали царя не вступать в войну.Однако,Николай II решил поддержать Сербию,и Германия ,а затем Австро-Венгрия обьявили России войну. Привидите причины ,по которым Николай II принял такое решение. Укажите основные последствия начавшейся войны для России

Answer 1

Основные последствия 1 Мировой войны для Росии: две российских революции (Февральская и Октябрьская), разруха, голод, экономический кризис, свержение и убийство императора и всей его семьи, крушение Российской империи и приход к власти большевиков.

Answer 2

Background Information

In 1914, Austria-Hungary, with the support of Germany, declared war on Serbia. Russian Emperor Nicholas II faced a difficult choice: to support Serbia and potentially go to war with both Austria-Hungary and its ally Germany, or to refuse support to Serbia. Despite the advice of many of his advisors, Nicholas II decided to support Serbia, leading to Germany and Austria-Hungary declaring war on Russia. Let's explore the reasons behind Nicholas II's decision and the main consequences of the war for Russia.

Reasons for Nicholas II's Decision

1. Pan-Slavism: Nicholas II was influenced by the concept of Pan-Slavism, which aimed to unite all Slavic peoples. Serbia, as a Slavic nation, was seen as a natural ally and a country that deserved support against Austria-Hungary's aggression. 2. Political Pressure: Nicholas II faced pressure from influential figures within his government and military who advocated for supporting Serbia. They believed that Russia's prestige and influence in the Balkans would be at stake if they did not come to Serbia's aid. 3. Domestic Considerations: Nicholas II's decision was also influenced by domestic factors. Supporting Serbia allowed him to divert attention from internal problems and unite the Russian people behind a common cause. 4. Military Calculations: Some military leaders believed that a war with Austria-Hungary and Germany would be advantageous for Russia. They saw an opportunity to weaken their rivals and expand Russian influence in Eastern Europe.

Consequences for Russia

1. Loss of Life and Resources: The war resulted in significant human and economic losses for Russia. The Russian army suffered heavy casualties, and the country's resources were strained by the demands of the war effort. 2. Political Instability: The war exacerbated existing political and social tensions in Russia. The strain of the war effort, combined with discontent over Nicholas II's autocratic rule, eventually led to the Russian Revolution in 1917. 3. Economic Crisis: The war put a tremendous strain on Russia's economy. The country faced inflation, food shortages, and economic instability, which further contributed to the discontent among the population. 4. Loss of Territory: As a result of the war, Russia lost significant territories, including parts of Poland, Finland, and the Baltic states. These territorial losses had long-lasting consequences for Russia's geopolitical position. 5. End of the Romanov Dynasty: The Russian Revolution in 1917 led to the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and the establishment of a communist government under Vladimir Lenin. The war played a crucial role in undermining the legitimacy of the monarchy and paving the way for revolutionary change.

Overall, Nicholas II's decision to support Serbia in the face of aggression from Austria-Hungary and Germany had far-reaching consequences for Russia. The war resulted in significant losses and contributed to the political and social instability that eventually led to the downfall of the Romanov dynasty.