Question

Допоможіть, будь ласка!!! У чому відмінність диктатури від республіки? Чому за правління Цезаря зберігався республіканський лад?

Answer 1

Респу́бліка — форма державного правління, за якої верховна влада у державі належить Народу, а верховні органи державної влади обираються на певний термін, з окресленими Законом повноваженнями; існує поділ влади на гілки: законодавчу, виконавчу, судову. Диктату́ра (лат. dictatura — необмежена влада) — нічим не обмежена політична, економічна та ідеологічна влада у державі або певному регіоні однієї чи кількох осіб, класу, соціальних груп, які у своїх діях спираються на безпосереднє застосування апарату насильства (армії, поліції, карних установ), а також відповідний політичний режим.

Під час правління Цезаря в Римі формально зберігався республіканський лад. Однак, в дійсності влада була у Цезаря, який особисто керував державою

Answer 2

Difference between Dictatorship and Republic

The main difference between a dictatorship and a republic lies in the way power is exercised and the level of citizen participation in the government.

Dictatorship: - In a dictatorship, power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group of individuals. - The dictator or ruling group has absolute control over the government and makes decisions without the consent or input of the citizens. - Dictatorships are often characterized by the absence of political freedoms, limited civil liberties, and a lack of checks and balances on the ruler's power.

Republic: - In a republic, power is vested in the people, who exercise their power through elected representatives. - The government is based on a constitution or a set of laws that outlines the rights and responsibilities of the citizens and the structure and functions of the government. - Republics typically have a separation of powers, with different branches of government (such as the executive, legislative, and judicial branches) that serve as checks on each other's power. - Citizens have the right to participate in the political process through voting, running for office, and expressing their opinions.

Preservation of Republican Order under Caesar's Rule

During the rule of Julius Caesar, the Roman Republic transitioned into the Roman Empire. However, it is important to note that Caesar's rule did not completely abolish the republican order. Instead, he maintained certain republican institutions and practices while consolidating power for himself.

Preservation of Republican Institutions: - Caesar held various political offices and maintained the appearance of a republican government by keeping the Senate and other republican institutions intact. - He sought to gain the support of the Senate and the people by implementing policies that aimed to address social and economic issues, such as land reform and the provision of public entertainment. - Caesar also maintained the facade of consulting the Senate on important matters, although his decisions were often predetermined.

Consolidation of Power: - Despite preserving some republican institutions, Caesar's rule was characterized by a significant concentration of power in his hands. - He held the title of dictator perpetuo (dictator in perpetuity), which gave him supreme authority and allowed him to make decisions without the need for consultation or approval from other branches of government. - Caesar also expanded his personal influence by appointing loyal supporters to key positions and reducing the power of his political rivals.

Impact on the Republican System: - Caesar's rule marked a significant departure from the traditional republican system, as power became increasingly centralized in the hands of a single individual. - His actions set a precedent for future emperors, who would exercise even greater control over the government and diminish the role of republican institutions. - Ultimately, the Roman Republic was transformed into the autocratic Roman Empire, with the republican form of government giving way to imperial rule.

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