Question

Назовите основные направления проведения реформ в период перестройки в СССР в 1985- 1990 гг. Укажите не менее трех направлений. Приведите не менее трех примеров экономических преобразований этого периода.

Answer 1

 это "перестройка"
1 начало приватизации
2 либирализация цен
3 расширение импорта

Answer 2

Main Directions of Reforms during Perestroika in the USSR (1985-1990)

During the period of perestroika in the USSR from 1985 to 1990, several main directions of reforms were pursued. These included:

1. Economic Restructuring: - One of the key directions of reform during perestroika was the restructuring of the Soviet economy. This involved transitioning from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented system. - The reforms aimed to introduce elements of market competition and private ownership, as well as to increase the efficiency of production and distribution of goods and services. - For example, in 1985-1986, there was a shift in the distribution of state investments, with 60% allocated to industry and 40% to agriculture.

2. Political Liberalization: - Another significant direction of reform was the push for political liberalization, which involved greater political openness and democratization. - This included the relaxation of censorship, the allowance of more freedom of speech and press, and the promotion of political pluralism. - An example of this was the introduction of glasnost, which aimed to increase transparency and openness in government and media.

3. Social and Cultural Changes: - The period of perestroika also saw efforts to bring about social and cultural changes, including addressing social issues and promoting cultural diversity. - There were attempts to address social inequalities and improve living standards, as well as to promote cultural diversity and freedom of expression. - For instance, there were changes in the allocation of state funds, with an increase in spending on social programs and a focus on improving living standards.

Examples of Economic Reforms during Perestroika

1. Changes in State Investments: - In 1985-1986, there was a shift in the distribution of state investments, with 60% allocated to industry and 40% to agriculture.

2. Allocation of State Funds: - There were changes in the allocation of state funds, with an increase in spending on social programs and a focus on improving living standards.

3. Transition to Market-Oriented System: - The reforms aimed to introduce elements of market competition and private ownership, as well as to increase the efficiency of production and distribution of goods and services.

These examples illustrate some of the economic reforms that were implemented during the period of perestroika in the USSR.