Question

Во время правления Селима третьего какие проблемы были в империи? Какие были реформы?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Реформы

Объяснение:

Пытался модернизировать страну, опираясь на европейские примеры, проводил либеральные реформы, ограничил вольности и привилегии корпуса янычар. Увлекался светским искусством и поэзией. Был свергнут янычарами. Во время бунта, приведшего к свержению Мустафы IV, Селим был убит по приказу султана.

Answer 2

As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, Selim III was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807. During his reign, the empire faced significant challenges both internally and externally. Here are some of the problems and reforms during his rule:

Problems during Selim III's reign:

1. Military Weakness: The Ottoman Empire was facing military decline compared to the rising European powers. The Janissaries, the elite military force of the empire, had become corrupt and resistant to reforms.

2. Financial Struggles: The empire was facing financial difficulties due to military expenses, corruption, and declining trade revenues.

3. Provincial Discontent: Regional governors, known as the ayans, had gained considerable power, leading to decentralization and weakening of central authority.

4. European Encroachments: The Ottoman Empire was losing territory to European powers, particularly Russia and Austria, in the Balkans and the Caucasus.

5. Internal Instability: Factionalism and conflicts within the imperial court were prevalent, making it difficult to implement reforms.

Reforms during Selim III's reign:

1. Nizam-i Cedid: Selim III attempted to modernize and strengthen the Ottoman military by establishing the Nizam-i Cedid (New Order) army. It aimed to replace the Janissaries with a more disciplined and trained force, equipped with modern weaponry.

2. Administrative Reforms: Selim III initiated administrative reforms to centralize power and reduce the influence of local governors and elites. However, these reforms faced opposition from powerful vested interests.

3. Legal and Judicial Reforms: Efforts were made to modernize the legal and judicial system, aiming to provide more equal treatment for subjects and reduce corruption.

4. Educational Reforms: Selim III supported educational reforms to promote learning and modern knowledge within the empire.

Despite Selim III's efforts to reform and modernize the empire, his reforms faced resistance from conservative elements within the society, particularly from the Janissaries. The conservative factions viewed the reforms as a threat to their traditional privileges and power. Ultimately, this resistance led to the deposition of Selim III in 1807, marking the end of his reign and the rise of Mahmud II. Mahmud II, who succeeded Selim III, continued some of the reform efforts and played a crucial role in transforming the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.