Question

Почему в век национальных государств стал столь популярным космополитизм

Answer 1

Потому что идеология космополитизма рассматривает людей как граждан мира, подчеркивая, что все части единого человечества и общечеловеческие интересы важнее национальных. Для просветителей было характерно представление о том, что выявленные ими законы действуют повсеместно, отсюда и распространенный в 18 в. жанр рассказа о жизни других, неевропейских народов В таких рассказах, фактически, критиковалось современное авторам европейское общество.
Став реакцией на возведение в 17 в. новых национальных, языковых н религиозных преград между государствами, космополитизм утверждал братство, основанное на едином для всех народов естественном праве, создавал интеллектуальное пространство без границ.
С 18 в. неотъемлемой частью европейской политической мысли становятся представления о том. что если все люди одинаковы, если все общества живут по одним законам, то развитие истории неминуемо приведет к созданию всемирной республики.

Answer 2

The Popularity of Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Nation-States

In the modern era, characterized by the dominance of nation-states, the concept of cosmopolitanism has gained popularity. Cosmopolitanism refers to the idea of embracing a global perspective and recognizing the interconnectedness of humanity, transcending national boundaries. It emphasizes the importance of shared values, human rights, and global cooperation.

There are several factors that have contributed to the popularity of cosmopolitanism in the age of nation-states:

1. Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of nations through trade, communication, and travel have exposed people to different cultures, ideas, and perspectives. This has led to a greater awareness of the diversity and interrelatedness of the world, fostering a sense of global citizenship.

2. Technological advancements: The advent of the internet and social media has facilitated the exchange of ideas and information on a global scale. People can now easily connect with individuals from different countries and cultures, fostering cross-cultural understanding and empathy.

3. Human rights movements: The rise of human rights movements and advocacy for equality and justice has contributed to the popularity of cosmopolitanism. These movements emphasize the inherent dignity and worth of every individual, regardless of their nationality, and promote the idea of a shared humanity.

4. Environmental challenges: Global environmental challenges, such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution, have highlighted the need for international cooperation and collective action. These issues transcend national boundaries and require a global response, fostering a sense of shared responsibility and interconnectedness.

5. Migration and diaspora communities: The movement of people across borders, whether due to economic, political, or social reasons, has contributed to the blending of cultures and the formation of diaspora communities. These communities often maintain strong connections to their home countries while embracing the values and traditions of their host countries, promoting a cosmopolitan outlook.

6. Cultural exchange and travel: Increased opportunities for travel and cultural exchange have exposed individuals to different languages, traditions, and ways of life. This exposure fosters a sense of curiosity, appreciation, and respect for diverse cultures, contributing to the popularity of cosmopolitanism.

It is important to note that while cosmopolitanism has gained popularity, it coexists with the continued importance of national identities and the nation-state system. The two are not mutually exclusive, and individuals can embrace both a sense of national identity and a cosmopolitan outlook.

Overall, the popularity of cosmopolitanism in the age of nation-states can be attributed to factors such as globalization, technological advancements, human rights movements, environmental challenges, migration, diaspora communities, and cultural exchange. These factors have contributed to a greater awareness of our interconnectedness and the importance of global cooperation in addressing shared challenges and promoting a more inclusive and equitable world.