Question

Жизнь среднего класса людей в англии в 19 веке​

Answer 1

Відповідь:

Сре́дний класс — социальная группа населения, имеющая устойчивые доходы, достаточные для удовлетворения широкого круга материальных и социальных потребностей.

Благосостояние, которым располагает средний класс, достаточно для обеспечения «достойного» качества жизни. В силу этого средний класс отличается более высокой социальной устойчивостью[1].

Согласно отчёту «Global Wealth Report 2015» швейцарского банка Credit Suisse, в 2015 году Китай занял 1-е место в мире среди стран по абсолютному числу представителей среднего класса, обогнав США: 109 млн в Китае против 92 млн в США[2]. Критерием принадлежности к среднему классу в 2015 году являлись свободные располагаемые финансовые средства (годовой доход) на 1 взрослого человека от $10 000 до $100 000 (отличается в разных странах). Так, в Швейцарии принадлежность к среднему классу, согласно этому отчёту, определялась годовым доходом на 1 взрослого человека в $72 900, в США — $50 000, в Китае — $28 000, в России — $18 000.

Пояснення:

Answer 2

Life of the Middle Class in England in the 19th Century

The life of the middle class in England during the 19th century was characterized by significant social and economic changes. The Industrial Revolution brought about a transformation in the country's economy, leading to the growth of industries and urbanization. As a result, the middle class emerged as a new social group, consisting of professionals, merchants, and skilled workers.

1. Economic Conditions: The middle class in 19th-century England experienced improved economic conditions compared to the lower classes. They had access to better job opportunities, higher incomes, and improved living standards. The growth of industries and trade provided them with employment opportunities in sectors such as manufacturing, finance, and commerce.

2. Social Status: The middle class held a higher social status compared to the working class and the poor. They had more access to education, cultural activities, and leisure pursuits. They were also more likely to own property and have a comfortable lifestyle.

3. Education: Education was highly valued among the middle class in 19th-century England. They emphasized the importance of education for their children and invested in their schooling. The establishment of public schools and the expansion of educational opportunities allowed the middle class to provide their children with a better education.

4. Victorian Values: The middle class in England during the 19th century adhered to Victorian values, which emphasized hard work, morality, and respectability. They valued family life, religious observance, and social etiquette. These values influenced their behavior, social interactions, and aspirations.

5. Gender Roles: Gender roles were clearly defined within the middle-class society of 19th-century England. Men were expected to be the breadwinners and hold positions of authority, while women were primarily responsible for managing the household and raising children. However, some women from the middle class were involved in philanthropy, education, and social reform movements.

6. Leisure Activities: The middle class had more leisure time and disposable income compared to the working class. They engaged in various leisure activities such as attending concerts, theater performances, and social gatherings. The rise of the middle class also led to the development of recreational spaces like parks and gardens.

7. Impact of Industrialization: While the middle class benefited from industrialization and urbanization, they also faced challenges. Rapid industrialization led to overcrowded cities, poor living conditions, and pollution. The working conditions in factories and mines were often harsh, and labor movements emerged to address these issues.

In conclusion, the life of the middle class in England during the 19th century was marked by economic prosperity, social status, and adherence to Victorian values. They enjoyed better economic conditions, access to education, and leisure activities. However, they also faced challenges due to the impact of industrialization and urbanization.

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