Question

Пoчему разразился Вильнюсский кризис? Каков был его результат?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Общей причиной кризиса стало перепроизводство товаров и циклическое развитие капитализма. Основными причинами кризиса стали нарушение традиционных миро хозяйственных связей в годы Первой мировой войны и после неё, экономический бум 1920-х гг. В наибольшей степени кризис поразил экономику США и Германии.

Результат: Он принял мировой характер.

Answer 2

The Vilnius Crisis: Causes and Results

The Vilnius Crisis refers to a political dispute that occurred in 1920 over the city of Vilnius, which was claimed by both Poland and Lithuania. The crisis had its roots in the aftermath of World War I and the collapse of the Russian Empire, which created a power vacuum in the region. Here is a detailed explanation of the causes and results of the Vilnius Crisis:

Causes of the Vilnius Crisis:

1. Historical Background: Vilnius (also known as Wilno) had a complex history of changing hands between different powers. It had been part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, then came under Russian control during the partitions of Poland, and later became the capital of Lithuania after its declaration of independence in 1918.

2. Polish Claims: Poland, which had regained independence after World War I, claimed Vilnius based on its historical ties to the city and the presence of a significant Polish population in the region.

3. Lithuanian Claims: Lithuania, which had also declared independence, saw Vilnius as its rightful capital and claimed it based on its historical ties to the city and the fact that it was predominantly inhabited by Lithuanians.

4. Treaty of Versailles: The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, did not clearly define the borders of the newly independent states in Eastern Europe. This ambiguity contributed to territorial disputes, including the Vilnius Crisis.

5. Geopolitical Considerations: The Vilnius Crisis was also influenced by geopolitical factors, as neighboring countries sought to expand their influence and secure strategic territories.

Results of the Vilnius Crisis:

1. Polish Occupation: In April 1919, Polish forces occupied Vilnius, leading to tensions between Poland and Lithuania.

2. League of Nations Intervention: Lithuania appealed to the League of Nations, the precursor to the United Nations, for assistance in resolving the crisis. The League established a commission to investigate the situation and proposed a temporary administration of Vilnius under international supervision.

3. Polish-Lithuanian War: The Vilnius Crisis escalated into a full-scale conflict known as the Polish-Lithuanian War, which lasted from 1920 to 1922. The war ended with the signing of the Suwałki Agreement in 1922, which recognized Vilnius as part of Poland.

4. Long-Term Consequences: The Vilnius Crisis had long-lasting consequences for Polish-Lithuanian relations. It strained diplomatic ties between the two countries and contributed to ongoing tensions in the region.

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