Question

Охарактеризуйте государственное и общественное устройство Спарты. Кто такой Ликург?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Спарты считается полулегендарный правитель Ликург

Объяснение:

Создателем правовой и государственной системы Спарты считается полулегендарный правитель Ликург. Он создал основополагающие принципы государственной организации. Эти законы назывались ретры.

Answer 2

Government and Social Structure of Sparta

Sparta was an ancient Greek city-state known for its unique government and social structure. The government of Sparta was characterized by its dual kingship, oligarchy, and militaristic society.

Dual Kingship: Sparta had two kings who ruled simultaneously. The kings were believed to be descendants of the legendary hero Heracles (Hercules). The dual kingship was established to prevent the concentration of power in a single individual and to provide a system of checks and balances.

Oligarchy: Sparta was governed by an oligarchy, which means that power was held by a small group of elite citizens. This group, known as the Gerousia, consisted of 28 elders over the age of 60 and the two kings. The Gerousia proposed laws and acted as a council of advisors to the kings.

Ephors: In addition to the dual kingship and the Gerousia, Sparta had a council of five ephors. The ephors were elected annually and were responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state. They had the power to veto decisions made by the kings and the Gerousia, ensuring a balance of power within the government.

Assembly: The assembly, known as the Apella, consisted of all Spartan citizens over the age of 30. However, the assembly had limited power and mainly served as a platform for the kings and the Gerousia to present their proposals.

Military Society: The most distinctive feature of Spartan society was its emphasis on military training and discipline. From a young age, Spartan boys underwent rigorous military training in the agoge, a state-controlled education system. The purpose of this training was to produce skilled warriors who would serve the state.

Social Structure: Spartan society was divided into three main classes: Spartiates, Perioikoi, and Helots.

- Spartiates: The Spartiates were full Spartan citizens who had completed the agoge training. They were the ruling class and enjoyed political rights and privileges. Spartiates were expected to serve in the military and participate in the political life of the state.

- Perioikoi: The Perioikoi were free inhabitants of Sparta who were not full citizens. They were allowed to engage in trade and commerce but had limited political rights. The Perioikoi served as craftsmen, traders, and soldiers in the Spartan army.

- Helots: The Helots were the lowest class in Spartan society. They were state-owned serfs who worked the land and served the Spartiates. The Helots outnumbered the Spartiates and were often subjected to harsh treatment.

Lycurgus

Lycurgus was a legendary figure in Spartan history who is credited with shaping the government and social structure of Sparta. According to ancient sources, Lycurgus was a Spartan lawgiver who lived in the 9th century BCE. His reforms are said to have transformed Sparta into a powerful and disciplined city-state.

Lycurgus is believed to have established the agoge, the rigorous military training system for Spartan boys. He also introduced laws and institutions that promoted discipline, austerity, and equality among the citizens. Some of his reforms included the redistribution of land, the establishment of the Gerousia and the ephors, and the emphasis on military service.

It is important to note that the historical accuracy of Lycurgus and his reforms is debated among historians. The details of his life and the extent of his influence are largely based on ancient accounts and legends.

In conclusion, Sparta had a unique government and social structure characterized by dual kingship, oligarchy, and a militaristic society. Lycurgus, a legendary figure, is credited with shaping the Spartan system through his reforms, including the establishment of the agoge and the introduction of laws and institutions that promoted discipline and equality among citizens.

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