Question

Порівняйте модні тенденції у 19 ст та 18 ст ​

Answer 1

Ответ:З точки зору моди XIX століття неможливо укласти в жорсткі рамки - занадто стрімко змінюються образи і стилі, а також люди, які їх визначають. Пишний і гротескний рококо змінюється простим до відвертого еротизму ампіром у Франції. У першій третині століття починається вікторіанська епоха Англії: ідеали другого стану приходять на зміну аристократичним: у моді прості сукні, невеликі елегантні капелюшки, скромні зачіски з прямим проділом. Ще один напрям, яке охопило європейську моду - романтизм - повертає нас назад до ідеалів середньовіччя: довгі сукні й шлейфи, плащі, похилі плечі, тонкі діадеми у волоссі.

післяреволюційна Франція відрізнялася від попередньої епохи не тільки політичним ладом. Відтісняючи сукні та зачіски зі складних конструкцій, набирають популярність відверті напівпрозорі наряди в стилі ампір. Основним орієнтиром у моді і в архітектурі XIX століття була античність: силует, як чоловічий так і жіночий стає подібний стрункою колоні грецького храму з невеликим прикрасою нагорі і вузькими складками з боків. Нова мода зародилася на балах і зборах колишньої аристократії, чиї родичі були страчені під час революції. Дами носили червоні стрічки і бархотки як символічний слід від гільйотини і довгу білу сорочку, подібну до тієї, в якій королева Марія-Антуанетта і її фрейліни йшли на страту. Їх називали merveilleuses - прічудніцамі. Однак незабаром такий силует став модним і серед інших дам, у тому числі городянок і дружин чиновників. Саме так одягалася кохана Наполеона - Жозефіна Богарне.

Плаття мали високу талію, закріплену стрічкою прямо під грудьми, від якої спускалися довгі напівпрозорі складки до підлоги. В якості нижнього одягу служили тонкі обтягуючі панталони тілесного кольору (з плином часу вони перетворяться в сучасні панчохи і колготки), натягування яких було окремим мистецтвом. Замість жорстких туфель зі шкіри на важкому каблуці у XIX столітті в моду входять тонкі шовкові балетки з довгими стрічками, що оперізують хрест навхрест ноги до колін за зразком античних моделей.

Мода XIX століття стала революційною і в плані прикрас. Відходить у минуле любов до діамантам і золоту, за еталон краси береться антична камея, яка може бути виконана зі слонової кістки, черепахового панцира або каменів - халцедону, опалу. Особливу популярність набувають короткі зачіски - на згадку про засуджених на страту дам, яким коротко відрізали волосся. Ще одна модна тенденція - кучері або невеликий вільний пучок, перехоплений кількома стрічками.

Answer 2

Fashion Trends in the 18th Century

In the 18th century, fashion trends were influenced by various factors, including social status, cultural norms, and political events. The fashion trends of this period were characterized by elaborate and extravagant styles, especially among the upper classes.

Women's Fashion: Women's fashion in the 18th century was known for its opulence and grandeur. The silhouette of women's clothing during this time was dominated by wide skirts, often supported by hoops or panniers. Corsets were commonly worn to achieve a slim waistline, and dresses were adorned with intricate embroidery, lace, and ribbons. The use of luxurious fabrics such as silk and satin was also prevalent.

Men's Fashion: Men's fashion in the 18th century was characterized by a more restrained and formal style compared to women's fashion. Men typically wore knee-length coats, waistcoats, and breeches, often made from fine fabrics such as wool or silk. Wigs were commonly worn, and accessories such as cravats, hats, and walking sticks were popular.

Hairstyles and Accessories: Elaborate hairstyles were a significant aspect of fashion in the 18th century. Women's hairstyles were often adorned with feathers, ribbons, and jewels, while men's wigs were styled in various shapes and sizes. Accessories such as fans, gloves, and parasols were also commonly used to complete the fashionable look.

Influences: Fashion trends in the 18th century were influenced by various factors. The French court, particularly during the reign of Louis XIV, played a significant role in shaping European fashion. The rise of the middle class also had an impact on fashion, as more people had access to fashionable clothing and accessories. Additionally, the Age of Enlightenment and its emphasis on reason and rationality influenced fashion trends, leading to simpler and more practical styles towards the end of the century.

Fashion Trends in the 19th Century

The 19th century witnessed significant changes in fashion trends, reflecting the social, political, and technological developments of the time. Fashion became more accessible to a wider range of people, and new styles emerged as a result.

Women's Fashion: Women's fashion in the 19th century saw a departure from the extravagant styles of the previous century. The silhouette became more natural, with high waistlines and narrower skirts. The introduction of the sewing machine made it easier to produce clothing, leading to the mass production of ready-to-wear garments. Fabrics such as cotton and muslin became popular, and simpler designs with fewer embellishments were favored.

Men's Fashion: Men's fashion in the 19th century also underwent significant changes. The frock coat, a knee-length coat with a fitted waist, became a popular choice for formal occasions. Trousers replaced breeches, and waistcoats were worn as part of a three-piece suit. The use of cravats and neckties became more common, and top hats were a popular accessory.

Hairstyles and Accessories: Hairstyles in the 19th century varied depending on the time period and social class. Women's hairstyles ranged from simple buns to elaborate updos, often adorned with ribbons, flowers, or combs. Men's hairstyles became shorter and more natural-looking, with sideburns and mustaches being popular. Accessories such as bonnets, gloves, and shawls were commonly worn by women.

Influences: The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on fashion trends in the 19th century. The development of new manufacturing techniques and the growth of the middle class led to the mass production of clothing, making fashion more accessible to a wider range of people. The Romantic and Victorian eras also influenced fashion, with an emphasis on sentimentality, modesty, and femininity.

Comparison of Fashion Trends in the 18th and 19th Centuries

The fashion trends in the 18th and 19th centuries differed in several ways:

1. Silhouette: In the 18th century, women's fashion featured wide skirts and a focus on creating a slim waistline with corsets. In the 19th century, the silhouette became more natural, with high waistlines and narrower skirts.

2. Fabrics and Embellishments: In the 18th century, luxurious fabrics such as silk and satin were commonly used, and dresses were adorned with intricate embroidery and lace. In the 19th century, fabrics such as cotton and muslin became popular, and simpler designs with fewer embellishments were favored.

3. Access to Fashion: In the 18th century, fashion was primarily accessible to the upper classes. In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution and the mass production of clothing made fashion more accessible to a wider range of people.

4. Influences: In the 18th century, fashion trends were influenced by the French court, the rise of the middle class, and the Age of Enlightenment. In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution and the Romantic and Victorian eras played significant roles in shaping fashion.

Overall, the fashion trends in the 18th and 19th centuries reflected the social, cultural, and technological developments of their respective times.