Question

Объяснить, когда и почему погибла Византия. Полный ответ .

Answer 1

Объяснение:

Окончательно свое существование Византийская (Восточная Римская)империя прекратила в 1453году, после падения Константинополя (ныне Стамбул) в результате многомесячной осады и штурма города войсками турок-османов под предводительством султана .Мехмеда II. Последний император Византии Константин XI Палеолог погиб в бою в последний день штурма, когда османы ворвались через проломы в стене непосредственно в город.

Answer 2

The Fall of Byzantium

The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, fell in 1453. The fall of Byzantium was a complex event influenced by various factors. Here is a detailed explanation of when and why Byzantium fell:

Background and Context

Byzantium was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East, with its capital in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul). It emerged as a distinct political entity after the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD. Byzantium faced numerous challenges throughout its existence, including invasions, political instability, economic decline, and religious conflicts.

External Threats

One of the major factors contributing to the fall of Byzantium was external threats. The empire faced invasions from various groups, including the Persians, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Seljuk Turks. These invasions weakened Byzantium and put a strain on its resources and military capabilities.

Crusades and Latin Occupation

The Crusades, which began in the 11th century, had a significant impact on Byzantium. The Fourth Crusade, in particular, resulted in the Latin occupation of Constantinople in 1204. The Crusaders looted the city and established the Latin Empire, which further weakened Byzantium. Although the Byzantines eventually regained control of Constantinople in 1261, the Latin occupation had lasting effects on the empire's stability and power.

Ottoman Empire

The rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century posed a significant threat to Byzantium. The Ottomans, led by Mehmed the Conqueror, besieged Constantinople in 1453. The Byzantines, under Emperor Constantine XI, made a valiant defense, but the city ultimately fell on May 29, 1453. This marked the end of Byzantium and the beginning of the Ottoman Empire.

Reasons for the Fall

Several factors contributed to the fall of Byzantium:

1. Military Weakness: Byzantium faced challenges in maintaining a strong military. Constant warfare and financial difficulties weakened the empire's ability to defend itself effectively against external threats.

2. Economic Decline: Byzantium experienced economic decline over the centuries. Trade routes shifted, and the empire struggled to maintain its economic power. This weakened Byzantium's ability to fund its military and infrastructure.

3. Political Instability: Byzantium faced internal power struggles, dynastic disputes, and political instability. These internal conflicts weakened the empire and made it vulnerable to external threats.

4. Religious Conflicts: Byzantium was deeply divided by religious conflicts, particularly the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. These divisions weakened the empire's unity and hindered its ability to respond effectively to external threats.

5. Technological and Military Advancements: The Ottomans had access to advanced military technology, including cannons, which gave them an advantage over the Byzantines during the siege of Constantinople.

Conclusion

In summary, the fall of Byzantium in 1453 was the result of a combination of external threats, internal weaknesses, economic decline, political instability, and religious conflicts. The Ottoman Empire's successful siege of Constantinople marked the end of Byzantium and the beginning of a new era in the region.