Question

Как управлялось государством в России в эпоху правления Ивана 3 ?

Answer 1

Иван III начал вводить в России единое, централизованное государство, и опорой для него в этом были служилые люди: их поддержка выделяла великого князя из числа прочих родовитых князей и бояр.

Answer 2

Government in Russia during the Reign of Ivan III

During the reign of Ivan III, who ruled Russia from 1462 to 1505, the government was characterized by a centralization of power and the establishment of a strong autocratic rule. Ivan III, also known as Ivan the Great, played a crucial role in consolidating the Russian lands and expanding the authority of the Moscow principality.

Centralization of Power: Ivan III sought to consolidate power by bringing various Russian principalities under his control. He successfully annexed several neighboring territories, including Novgorod, Tver, and Rostov, which allowed him to expand the territory of the Moscow principality and strengthen his authority.

Autocratic Rule: Ivan III established a strong autocratic rule, concentrating power in his own hands. He claimed the title of "Grand Prince of All Russia" and positioned himself as the supreme ruler. He implemented various administrative reforms to strengthen his control over the government and society. Ivan III also introduced a system of bureaucracy to manage the affairs of the state and ensure the implementation of his policies.

Expansion of Territory: One of the key aspects of Ivan III's reign was the expansion of Russian territory. He pursued an aggressive foreign policy, aiming to unite all Russian lands under his rule. Ivan III successfully resisted the influence of the Mongols and the Lithuanians, asserting Russia's independence and territorial integrity. His territorial acquisitions laid the foundation for the future growth of the Russian Empire.

Relations with the Church: Ivan III maintained a close relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church. He supported the church financially and granted it privileges and lands. The church, in turn, played a significant role in legitimizing Ivan III's rule and supporting his policies. The close alliance between the state and the church helped strengthen the authority of both institutions.

Legal Reforms: During Ivan III's reign, efforts were made to codify and standardize the legal system. He commissioned the compilation of the "Sudebnik of 1497," a legal code that aimed to establish a uniform set of laws for the entire Russian state. This legal code addressed various aspects of governance, including property rights, criminal law, and administrative procedures.

Cultural and Architectural Development: Ivan III's reign also witnessed significant cultural and architectural development. He promoted the construction of grand architectural projects, such as the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Moscow Kremlin, which became a symbol of Russian power and authority. Ivan III also supported the arts and patronized artists and scholars, contributing to the cultural flourishing of the period.

In conclusion, during the reign of Ivan III, the government in Russia was characterized by the centralization of power, autocratic rule, territorial expansion, close relations with the church, legal reforms, and cultural development. Ivan III's policies and actions laid the foundation for the future growth and development of the Russian state.