Question

Одним из итогов Вестфальского мира стало 1) утверждение католической веры на территории северной Германии 2) установление политического господства Англии в Западной Европе 3) окончательное изгнание гугенотов с территории Франции, их эмиграция в Новый свет 4) понимание европейскими политиками, что религиозные споры невозможно разрешить военным путем

Answer 1

Ответ:

правильный ответ - 4, складывается Вестфальская система международных отношений

Answer 2

The Outcomes of the Peace of Westphalia

The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of the Thirty Years' War in Europe. It had several significant outcomes that reshaped the political and religious landscape of the continent. Let's examine each of the options mentioned in your question:

1) Affirmation of the Catholic faith in northern Germany: There is no evidence to suggest that the Peace of Westphalia specifically affirmed the Catholic faith in northern Germany. The treaty aimed to establish a balance of power and religious tolerance among the warring parties, rather than promoting a specific religious agenda. Therefore, it is unlikely that the affirmation of the Catholic faith in northern Germany was a direct outcome of the Peace of Westphalia.

2) Establishment of political dominance of England in Western Europe: The Peace of Westphalia did not establish the political dominance of England in Western Europe. While England did play a role in the negotiations and was recognized as a sovereign state, the treaty primarily focused on resolving the conflicts between various German states and the Holy Roman Empire. The peace settlement aimed to restore stability and prevent future religious wars, rather than promoting the political dominance of any particular country.

3) Final expulsion of Huguenots from France and their emigration to the New World: The Peace of Westphalia did not result in the final expulsion of Huguenots from France. The Huguenots, who were French Protestants, had faced persecution and restrictions on their religious practices in France for many years. However, their emigration to the New World, particularly to North America, began before the Peace of Westphalia and continued afterward. The treaty did not directly address the situation of the Huguenots in France.

4) Recognition by European politicians that religious disputes cannot be resolved through military means: The Peace of Westphalia did indeed reflect a recognition by European politicians that religious disputes could not be resolved through military means. The treaty introduced the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, which allowed rulers to determine the religion of their own territories. This concept aimed to prevent religious conflicts by granting religious freedom and tolerance within each ruler's domain. The Peace of Westphalia marked a shift towards secular politics and the acceptance of religious diversity as a means to maintain peace.

In summary, the Peace of Westphalia had significant outcomes, including the establishment of a balance of power, the recognition of religious tolerance, and the shift towards secular politics. However, it did not specifically affirm the Catholic faith in northern Germany, establish the political dominance of England in Western Europe, or result in the final expulsion of Huguenots from France.