Question

Чому османська імперія не змогла модернізувати свою країну? ооочень срочно​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Молодотурецька революція 1908 р. Початок організаційного оформлення турецького революційного руху припадає на 1889 р., коли в Стамбулі група курсантів військово-медичного училища створила таємну політичну організацію «Єднання і прогрес», що в майбутньому спиралася в основному на молоде офіцерство. У 1891 р. було сформовано закордонний центр цієї організації. Її метою було відновлення конституції 1876 р., проведення поміркованих буржуазних реформ, модернізація суспільства за європейським зразком.

Answer 2

The Ottoman Empire's Struggle with Modernization

The Ottoman Empire, which existed from the 14th to the early 20th century, faced numerous challenges in its attempts to modernize the country. While it did make some efforts towards modernization, it ultimately struggled to keep up with the rapid changes happening in Europe. Here are some key factors that contributed to the Ottoman Empire's difficulties in modernizing:

1. Geopolitical Challenges: The Ottoman Empire was located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, which made it vulnerable to external pressures and conflicts. It faced territorial losses, wars, and invasions from various European powers, such as Russia, Austria, and France. These conflicts drained the empire's resources and hindered its modernization efforts.

2. Economic Difficulties: The Ottoman Empire experienced economic challenges, including a decline in trade, inflation, and a lack of industrial development. The empire relied heavily on agriculture and traditional crafts, which limited its ability to compete with the industrialized economies of Europe. Additionally, corruption and mismanagement within the empire's bureaucracy further hindered economic progress.

3. Social and Cultural Factors: The Ottoman Empire was a diverse and multi-ethnic empire, comprising various ethnic and religious groups. This diversity posed challenges to implementing reforms and modernization policies, as different groups had different interests and often resisted change. The empire's conservative social and cultural norms also made it difficult to introduce progressive reforms.

4. Political Stagnation: The Ottoman Empire's political structure was characterized by a centralized autocracy, with power concentrated in the hands of the sultan and his advisors. This centralized system hindered effective governance and decision-making, making it difficult to implement necessary reforms. The empire also faced internal conflicts and power struggles, which further weakened its ability to modernize.

5. Resistance to Western Influence: The Ottoman Empire initially resisted Western influence and reforms, perceiving them as a threat to its traditional values and Islamic identity. This resistance delayed the adoption of modern ideas and technologies that could have facilitated modernization.

6. Lack of Education and Infrastructure: The Ottoman Empire lagged behind in education and infrastructure development compared to European powers. The empire had limited access to modern education and scientific knowledge, which hindered its ability to innovate and adapt to changing times. Insufficient infrastructure, such as transportation networks and communication systems, also impeded progress.

It is important to note that while the Ottoman Empire faced significant challenges in modernizing, it did make some efforts towards reform and modernization. However, these efforts were often insufficient and were not able to keep pace with the rapid changes happening in Europe.

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