Question

Определение феодализма и феодального общества.​

Answer 1

Феодализм - предшествующий капитализму общественный строй, в основе к-рого лежит собственность феодалов на землю и другие средства производства, на крестьян-земледельцев, находящихся в крепостной зависимости, а также право феодалов осуществлять государственную власть на своей территории.

феодальное общество - историческая, периода средних веков и Нового времени сословно-классовая структура общества (аграрного типа, доиндустриального), когда основным экономическим ресурсом являлась земля, и находилась она в собственности феодалов.

Answer 2

Definition of Feudalism and Feudal Society

Feudalism is a social and economic system that was prevalent in medieval Europe from the 9th to the 15th centuries. It was characterized by a hierarchical structure of land ownership and obligations between lords and vassals. Feudal society was organized around the ownership and control of land, with political and economic power concentrated in the hands of a small ruling class.

Feudalism can be defined as a system in which land is granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty, military service, and other obligations. The lord, who owned the land, would grant portions of it to vassals, who in turn would provide military service and other forms of support to the lord. This system created a complex web of relationships and obligations, with each vassal owing allegiance to a higher-ranking lord.

In a feudal society, power and wealth were concentrated in the hands of the nobility, who owned the land and held political authority. The majority of the population, known as serfs or peasants, worked the land and were bound to it. They were required to provide labor, goods, and services to the lord in exchange for protection and the right to live on the land.

Key Features of Feudalism

Feudalism was characterized by several key features:

1. Hierarchy: Feudal society was organized in a hierarchical structure, with the king at the top, followed by the nobles, knights, and peasants. Each level of the hierarchy had specific rights and obligations.

2. Land Ownership: Land was the basis of wealth and power in feudal society. Lords owned large estates and granted portions of land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and service.

3. Feudal Obligations: Vassals owed various obligations to their lords, including military service, financial payments, and advice. In return, lords provided protection and support to their vassals.

4. Manorialism: Manorialism was an economic system closely associated with feudalism. It involved the division of land into self-sufficient manors, each with its own lord and peasants. Peasants worked the land and paid rent or provided labor to the lord.

5. Lack of Social Mobility: Feudal society was characterized by a lack of social mobility. Social status and economic opportunities were largely determined by birthright, with little opportunity for individuals to rise above their station.

Conclusion

In summary, feudalism was a social and economic system that dominated medieval Europe. It was characterized by a hierarchical structure of land ownership and obligations between lords and vassals. Feudal society was organized around the ownership and control of land, with power and wealth concentrated in the hands of the nobility.