Question

Зоны влияние Англии и России в Иране​

Answer 1

Персия делилась на три сферы влияния: русскую на севере (её южной границей являлась линия Касре-Ширин — Исфахан — Йезд — Зульфегар), английскую на юге (к юго-востоку от линии Бендер-Аббас — Керман — Бирдженд — Гезик) и нейтральную в центре страны

Answer 2

Zones of Influence of England and Russia in Iran

The zones of influence of England and Russia in Iran refer to the historical periods when these two countries exerted significant political, economic, and military influence over Iran.

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Iran was caught in the power struggles between England and Russia, known as the "Great Game." Both countries sought to expand their influence in the region and gain control over Iran's rich resources and strategic location.

England's Influence in Iran: England, also known as Great Britain, had a long history of involvement in Iran. In the 19th century, England sought to protect its interests in India and maintain a buffer zone between its Indian territories and the expanding Russian Empire. As a result, England exerted significant influence over Iran's political and economic affairs.

One of the key events that solidified England's influence in Iran was the signing of the Anglo-Persian Treaty in 1857. This treaty granted England significant economic privileges and control over Iran's trade and customs revenues. England also played a role in modernizing Iran's infrastructure, such as building railways and telegraph lines.

Russia's Influence in Iran: Russia, on the other hand, aimed to expand its influence in the region and gain access to warm-water ports. The Russian Empire sought to establish a sphere of influence in northern Iran, particularly in the Caspian Sea region.

In 1828, Russia signed the Treaty of Turkmenchay with Iran, which granted Russia significant territorial gains in the Caucasus region and established a Russian military presence in northern Iran. This treaty marked the beginning of Russia's influence in Iran.

Competition and Rivalry: The zones of influence of England and Russia in Iran often overlapped, leading to competition and rivalry between the two powers. This rivalry intensified during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as both countries sought to gain control over Iran's oil resources.

The influence of England and Russia in Iran began to decline after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911. This revolution aimed to limit foreign interference in Iran's affairs and establish a constitutional monarchy. The revolution weakened the grip of both England and Russia on Iran, paving the way for a more independent Iranian state.

Conclusion: In conclusion, England and Russia exerted significant influence in Iran during the 19th and early 20th centuries. England sought to protect its interests in India and maintain a buffer zone, while Russia aimed to expand its influence and gain access to warm-water ports. The zones of influence of these two powers often overlapped, leading to competition and rivalry. However, the influence of both countries began to decline after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.