Question

Докажите, что в середине 30-х годов в СССР не существовало разделения властей.

Answer 1

В СССР господствовала социалистическая политико-правовая доктрина, в которой принцип разделения властей отвергался как буржуазный и неприемлемый. Единая государственная власть провозглашалась как власть Советов, то есть власть представительных органов.

Ситуация стала меняться только в последние годы перестройки, когда были внесены изменения в Конституцию СССР 1977 года и РСФСР 1978 года, принцип разделения властей на законодательную, исполнительную и судебную был провозглашён Декларацией о государственном суверенитете РСФСР, а также закреплён в союзной и российской конституциях, когда были введены должности Президентов СССР и РСФСР.

Answer 2

The Separation of Powers in the USSR in the 1930s

The question asks whether there was a separation of powers in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. It is important to note that the Soviet Union was a communist state with a centralized government structure, where power was concentrated in the hands of the Communist Party and its leader, Joseph Stalin. The concept of separation of powers, as seen in democratic systems, where power is divided among different branches of government, did not exist in the same way in the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Government Structure: In the Soviet Union, the government structure was based on a one-party system, with the Communist Party at the center of power. The Communist Party controlled all aspects of governance, including the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The highest decision-making body was the Politburo, which consisted of the top leaders of the Communist Party. The General Secretary of the Communist Party, who was also the head of the Politburo, held significant power and influence over the government and the country.

The Role of the Supreme Soviet: The Supreme Soviet was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union. However, it is important to note that the Supreme Soviet was not an independent body with the power to check or balance the executive branch. Instead, it served as a rubber-stamp institution, approving decisions made by the Communist Party leadership. The Supreme Soviet did not have the authority to initiate legislation or independently review the actions of the executive branch.

The Role of the Judiciary: The judiciary in the Soviet Union was also not independent. The courts were controlled by the Communist Party and were used as a tool to enforce party policies and suppress dissent. The judges were appointed by the Communist Party and were expected to follow party directives in their decisions. The judiciary did not have the power to review the constitutionality of laws or challenge the actions of the executive branch.

Conclusion: Based on the information available, it can be concluded that in the 1930s, there was no separation of powers in the Soviet Union. The Communist Party held absolute power and controlled all branches of government, including the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The government structure was centralized, with decision-making power concentrated in the hands of the Communist Party leadership, particularly Joseph Stalin.