Question

Описать исторические события, изменившие моноэтнический состав Казахстана.​

Answer 1

Відповідь:

Начало изменения моноэтнического состава населения края. С XVIII века казачье и военное население в основном располагалось в крепостях, редутах, форпостах и казачьих станицах. До 20-х годов XIX века почти все население Казахстана составляли казахи. С 1824 года, с созданием окружных приказов, военно-казачье и позднее крестьянское население начинает расселяться в Северо-Восточном Казахстане. Более активное переселение крестьян началось во второй половине ХІХ века после отмены в 1861 году крепостного права в России и начала административных реформ.

 В 1897 году в Казахстане проживало более 4 млн человек, из них 80% составляли казахи. Остальная часть населения состояла из казаков и крестьян-переселенцев, а также уйгуров, дунган, татар, узбеков и представителей других этнических групп. Значительная часть переселенцев оказалась в Казахстане в последней четверти XIX – начале XX века.

(Ето не обезательно)Первые крепостные сооружения и их местоположение в XVII–XVIII веках.

Пояснення:

Answer 2

Historical Events that Changed the Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, as a multiethnic country, has experienced several historical events that have significantly influenced its monoethnic composition. Here are some key events:

1. Mongol Invasions (13th-14th centuries): The Mongol Empire, led by Genghis Khan, conquered vast territories, including present-day Kazakhstan. The Mongol invasions brought about demographic changes as the Mongols assimilated with local populations, leading to the emergence of new ethnic groups such as the Kazakhs.

2. Russian Colonization (18th-19th centuries): The expansion of the Russian Empire into Central Asia resulted in the colonization of Kazakhstan. Russian settlers, including Cossacks, migrated to the region, leading to an increase in the Russian population. This colonization also brought about changes in the economic, political, and social structures of Kazakhstan.

3. Soviet Policies (20th century): During the Soviet era, Kazakhstan experienced significant demographic changes due to various policies implemented by the Soviet government. These policies included the forced settlement of ethnic groups, mass deportations, and the establishment of labor camps. As a result, the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan became more diverse, with the influx of various ethnic groups from different parts of the Soviet Union.

4. World War II (1939-1945): World War II had a profound impact on the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan. Many people from different parts of the Soviet Union, including war refugees and evacuees, were relocated to Kazakhstan during the war. This influx of people further contributed to the ethnic diversity of the country.

5. Independence and Post-Soviet Era (1991-present): Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan gained independence in 1991. The country experienced a wave of migration, both internally and externally. Many ethnic Kazakhs returned to Kazakhstan from other parts of the former Soviet Union, while others migrated to Kazakhstan from neighboring countries. This migration has continued to shape the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan.

It is important to note that the events mentioned above are not exhaustive, and there are other factors that have influenced the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan. The country's rich history and diverse population contribute to its cultural heritage and national identity.