Question

На яких принципах сформувався протекторат О. Кромвеля?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Протекторат Кромвеля — Англійська революція, що охоплює період з 1647 по 1660 роки. Правителем (лордом-протектором) Англії, Шотландії та Ірландії на початку цього періоду був Олівер Кромвель; після його смерті(1658) протягом року правив його син Річард.

Answer 2

Formation of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate

The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell was formed based on several key principles and events.

1. Overthrow of the Monarchy: - The Protectorate was established following the English Civil War and the subsequent execution of King Charles I in 1649. - Oliver Cromwell played a pivotal role in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England.

2. Instrument of Government: - The Instrument of Government, implemented in 1653, served as the constitution of the Protectorate. - It established Cromwell as the Lord Protector and outlined a framework for the government, including the formation of a parliament and the powers of the Lord Protector.

3. Religious Tolerance: - Cromwell's Protectorate was characterized by a degree of religious tolerance, particularly towards Protestant groups. - However, this tolerance was not extended to Catholics and Anglicans, and there were restrictions on certain religious practices.

4. Military Rule: - The Protectorate was underpinned by a strong military presence, with Cromwell's New Model Army playing a significant role in maintaining order and stability.

5. Centralized Authority: - Cromwell's government aimed to establish a centralized authority, with power concentrated in the hands of the Lord Protector and his council.

6. Economic Policies: - The Protectorate implemented various economic policies, including attempts to stabilize the economy and address financial challenges faced by the government.

7. Challenges and Opposition: - The Protectorate faced challenges and opposition, both domestically and internationally, as Cromwell sought to consolidate his power and maintain stability.

8. Legacy and Impact: - The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell had a lasting impact on the political and constitutional development of England, influencing subsequent events and the eventual restoration of the monarchy.

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