Question

Что вы узнали о революции ихэтуаньцев и её последствиях?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

С начала XIX века в Китай начали проникать западноевропейские государства, прежде всего Великобритания, стремившиеся установить контроль над китайскими рынками. Цинская империя не могла противостоять технологически превосходящим её державам, в результате чего потерпела ряд дипломатических и военных поражений и к концу XIX века фактически находилась в положении полуколонии.

Защититься от европейского проникновения Китаю не помогли ни традиционная закрытость общества, ни «политика самоусиления», которая проводилась по аналогии с реформами императора Мэйдзи в Японии.

Раздел Китая начался с поражения империи в Первой опиумной войне, по итогам которой китайскому правительству был навязан первый неравноправный договор. С середины XIX и до начала XX века Китай подписал около 13 неравноправных договоров с Японией, США и странами Европы. В результате государство потеряло многие морские порты, оказалось изолированным во внешней политике, в страну хлынул поток миссионеров, которые не всегда относились с должным уважением к местной культуре и религиозным традициям.

Объяснение:

:)))

Answer 2

The Revolution of the Boxers (Yihetuan Movement) and Its Consequences

The Revolution of the Boxers, also known as the Yihetuan Movement, was a significant uprising that took place in China from 1899 to 1901. The movement was led by a secret society called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or the Boxers, who were opposed to foreign influence and Christianity in China.

Causes of the Revolution: The Boxer Rebellion was primarily fueled by a combination of political, economic, and social factors. Some of the key causes include:

1. Anti-foreign sentiment: The Boxers were motivated by a strong sense of nationalism and a desire to rid China of foreign influence. They believed that foreigners, particularly Western powers, were exploiting China and undermining its sovereignty.

2. Socio-economic grievances: Many Chinese peasants and workers faced economic hardships, including poverty and unemployment. The Boxers attracted support from these marginalized groups by promising to address their grievances.

3. Resentment towards Christian missionaries: The spread of Christianity in China was seen by some as a threat to traditional Chinese culture and values. The Boxers targeted Christian missionaries and Chinese converts, viewing them as collaborators with foreign powers.

4. Weakness of the Qing Dynasty: The ruling Qing Dynasty was facing internal turmoil and was perceived as ineffective in dealing with foreign encroachment. The Boxers capitalized on this weakness and gained support from those disillusioned with the government.

Events and Consequences: The Boxer Rebellion began in 1899 and quickly gained momentum. The Boxers, armed with traditional weapons and martial arts skills, launched attacks on foreign missionaries, Chinese Christians, and foreign legations in Beijing.

The Qing government initially supported the Boxers, but as the rebellion escalated, it became clear that the movement posed a threat to both foreign powers and the Chinese government itself. In response, an international coalition force consisting of troops from various countries, including the Eight-Nation Alliance, was formed to suppress the rebellion.

The coalition forces eventually defeated the Boxers and occupied Beijing. The Qing government was forced to sign the Boxer Protocol in 1901, which imposed heavy penalties on China, including financial reparations and the stationing of foreign troops in the country.

Consequences of the Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion and its aftermath had significant consequences for China and its relationship with the rest of the world. Some of the key consequences include:

1. Weakening of the Qing Dynasty: The Boxer Rebellion further weakened the already fragile Qing Dynasty. The government's support for the Boxers and its inability to effectively deal with the rebellion eroded its legitimacy and contributed to growing calls for political reform.

2. Foreign intervention and humiliation: The Boxer Rebellion led to increased foreign intervention in China. The imposition of the Boxer Protocol and the presence of foreign troops in Beijing were seen as a humiliation for China and fueled anti-foreign sentiment.

3. Impact on Chinese society: The rebellion had a profound impact on Chinese society. The violence and destruction caused by the Boxers and the subsequent foreign military intervention resulted in the loss of lives, displacement of people, and destruction of property.

4. Political and social reforms: The Boxer Rebellion played a role in shaping the political and social landscape of China in the early 20th century. It contributed to the growing calls for political reform and the eventual collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.

5. International perception of China: The Boxer Rebellion exposed the weaknesses of the Qing Dynasty and China's vulnerability to foreign powers. It further reinforced negative stereotypes about China and its perceived backwardness in the eyes of the international community.

In conclusion, the Revolution of the Boxers (Yihetuan Movement) was a significant event in Chinese history that was driven by anti-foreign sentiment, socio-economic grievances, and resentment towards Christian missionaries. The rebellion had far-reaching consequences, including the weakening of the Qing Dynasty, increased foreign intervention, and the shaping of China's political and social landscape in the early 20th century.