Question

Пожалуйста помогите!!!!!!!!! какие мероприятия , внутренней политики Екатерины 2 , не способствовали развитию России? перечислите и объясните почему

Answer 1

Ответ:

- 1763 год - Реформа Сената. Сенат разделён на 6 департаментов, возглавляемых обер-прокурорами. Глава Сената - генерал-прокурор.

- 1764 год - Ликвидация гетманства на Украине. Проведена секуляризация церковных земель

- 1767-1768 гг. - Предпринята попытка созыва законодательной Комиссии из 565 депутатов, в которой были представлены все слои населения, кроме крепостных крестьян. Основная цель выяснение народных нужд для реформы

- 1775 г. - Ликвидация Запорожской сечи.

- 1783 г. - Разрешено создание вольных типографий.

- 1786 г. - Начало проведения школьной реформы.

Время царствования Екатерины II называют эпохой "просвещенного абсолютизма". Смысл "просвещенного абсолютизма" состоит в политике следования идеям Просвещения, выражающейся в проведении реформ, уничтожавших некоторые наиболее устаревшие феодальные институты. Политика Екатерины II по своей классовой направленности была дворянской

Answer 2

Политические взгляды Екатерины II во многом сформировались под влиянием идей французского Просвещения. Особенно внимательно изучала она труды Шарля Монтескьё: «Дух законов» стал её «молитвенником». Екатерина считала, что для России приемлемо лишь самодержавие, как форма власти, но подчёркивала, что «власть без доверенности народа ничего не значит» и что «предлогом» самодержавного правления должно служить не «лишение людей естественной их вольности», а направление «действий их к получению самого большого от всех добра», чем и отличала монархию от «деспотичества».

Answer 3

Events of Catherine II's Domestic Policy that Hindered the Development of Russia

Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, implemented various policies during her reign that aimed to modernize and strengthen Russia. However, there were certain events and policies within her domestic policy that did not contribute to the overall development of the country. Here are some examples:

1. Pugachev's Rebellion: One event that hindered the development of Russia during Catherine II's reign was the Pugachev's Rebellion. This rebellion, led by the Cossack Emelian Pugachev, was a major uprising against the Russian government in the late 18th century. Pugachev claimed to be the rightful tsar and gathered support from various social groups, including peasants, Cossacks, and disgruntled nobles. The rebellion resulted in widespread violence, destruction, and loss of life. Catherine II's response to the rebellion was brutal, with thousands of rebels executed or exiled. The rebellion highlighted the deep social and economic inequalities in Russia and exposed the weaknesses of Catherine's rule.

2. Serfdom and Peasant Unrest: Another factor that hindered the development of Russia during Catherine II's reign was the continuation of serfdom. Serfdom was a system of feudal labor in which peasants were bound to the land and subject to the control of the nobility. Despite some limited reforms, Catherine II did not abolish serfdom and instead reinforced the power of the nobility. This led to widespread peasant unrest and dissatisfaction, as the majority of the population lived in poverty and faced harsh working conditions. The lack of meaningful reforms to address the grievances of the peasantry hindered social and economic progress in Russia.

3. Limited Political Reforms: While Catherine II is often associated with Enlightenment ideas and reforms, her political reforms were limited in scope and did not lead to significant changes in the political system. Although she established the Legislative Commission to draft a new legal code and introduced some administrative reforms, the commission's work was ultimately suppressed, and the legal code was not implemented during her reign. The lack of substantial political reforms hindered the development of representative institutions and limited the participation of the broader population in governance.

4. Centralization of Power: Catherine II's centralization of power also had negative consequences for the development of Russia. While she aimed to strengthen the authority of the central government, her policies often resulted in the concentration of power in the hands of the nobility and the bureaucracy. This limited the ability of local communities and regions to govern themselves and stifled innovation and local initiatives. The centralization of power under Catherine II's rule hindered the development of a more decentralized and participatory governance system.

5. Limited Emancipation of Women: Despite Catherine II's reputation as a progressive ruler, her policies regarding the emancipation of women were limited. While she encouraged education for women and promoted the arts and sciences, her reforms did not significantly improve the legal and social status of women in Russian society. Women were still subject to patriarchal norms and faced significant barriers to full participation in public life. The limited emancipation of women hindered the development of a more inclusive and equal society in Russia.

In conclusion, while Catherine II implemented various policies aimed at modernizing and strengthening Russia, there were events and policies within her domestic policy that hindered the country's development. Pugachev's Rebellion, the continuation of serfdom, limited political reforms, the centralization of power, and the limited emancipation of women were all factors that had negative consequences for Russia's progress during Catherine II's reign.