Question

Як утворилися грецькі поліси

Answer 1

через те що греки почали будуватись і утворювати поліси. найсильнішими є Афіни і Спарта

Answer 2

Formation of Greek City-States (Polis)

The Greek city-states, also known as polis (plural: poleis), emerged during the Archaic period (800-500 BCE) in ancient Greece. The formation of these city-states was a result of various historical, political, and geographical factors.

Geographical Factors: The geography of Greece played a significant role in the formation of city-states. Greece is a mountainous and rugged terrain with numerous islands, which led to the development of isolated communities. These geographical features created barriers and hindered communication and interaction between different regions. As a result, independent city-states emerged, each with its own government, laws, and customs.

Historical Factors: The collapse of the Mycenaean civilization around 1200 BCE marked the beginning of the Dark Ages in Greece. During this period, there was a decline in population, trade, and centralized authority. However, as the Dark Ages came to an end, Greece experienced a period of revival and expansion. This period, known as the Archaic period, witnessed the emergence of city-states as the dominant political and social units.

Political Factors: The political structure of the Greek city-states was characterized by a sense of autonomy and independence. Each polis had its own government, laws, and institutions. The most common form of government was a city-state ruled by a small group of aristocrats known as oligarchy. However, some city-states, such as Athens, developed democratic systems where power was shared among the citizens.

Social Factors: The social structure of the Greek city-states was hierarchical. The citizens, who were free adult males, held the highest status and had political rights. Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from political participation. The citizens of a polis had a strong sense of identity and loyalty towards their city-state, which contributed to the formation of distinct poleis.

Economic Factors: Economic factors also played a role in the formation of city-states. Greece's rocky terrain and limited arable land led to a reliance on trade and maritime activities. The city-states developed as centers of trade and commerce, with each polis having its own economic interests and resources.

In conclusion, the Greek city-states, or poleis, emerged due to a combination of geographical, historical, political, social, and economic factors. The rugged terrain and isolated communities of Greece, along with the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization and the revival during the Archaic period, contributed to the formation of independent city-states. These city-states had their own governments, laws, and institutions, and played a crucial role in shaping ancient Greek civilization.