Question

Римский учёный Колумелла писал: "Рабы приносят полям величайший вред. Они пасут скот плохо, дурно пашут землю. Они не заботятся о том, чтобы семена дали богатый урожай. Они и сами крадут зерно, и от других воров его плохо оберегают. При уборке зерна в амбар раб-управляющий неправильно показывает его количество в счётной записи". 1.Какие из приведённых ниже суждений верны? 2.Раб-управляющий, в отличие от других рабов, обладал личной свободой 3.Учёный считает, что рабский труд неэффективен 4.Рабы - наёмные работники, которые получают оплату за свой труд 5.Все рабы в Риме были лишены прав 6.Рабы занимались исключительно земледелием и скотоводством

Answer 1

Ответ:

3, 5- верные. На 6 ответить не могу, но вроде бы они добывали полезные ископаемые в шахтах так что вроде бы не верное.

Answer 2

Roman scholar Columella's views on slavery

Roman scholar Columella wrote about the negative impact of slaves on agriculture in his work. He stated that slaves cause great harm to the fields, as they poorly tend to livestock, cultivate the land inefficiently, and do not take care to ensure a bountiful harvest from the seeds. He also mentioned that slaves themselves steal grain and do not adequately protect it from other thieves. Additionally, Columella noted that slave overseers incorrectly record the quantity of grain during the harvest in the account books [[1]].

Based on Columella's writings, let's evaluate the given statements:

1. Which of the following statements are true? - The statement that slaves cause harm to the fields, poorly tend to livestock, cultivate the land inefficiently, and do not ensure a bountiful harvest is supported by Columella's writings [[1]]. - The statement that slaves steal grain and do not adequately protect it from other thieves is supported by Columella's writings [[1]]. - The statement that slave overseers incorrectly record the quantity of grain during the harvest in the account books is supported by Columella's writings [[1]].

2. Was the slave overseer different from other slaves in terms of personal freedom? Columella's writings do not explicitly mention whether the slave overseer had personal freedom or not. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that the slave overseer had personal freedom based on Columella's writings.

3. Did the scholar believe that slave labor was inefficient? Yes, Columella's writings suggest that he believed slave labor to be inefficient. He mentioned that slaves poorly tend to livestock, cultivate the land inefficiently, and do not ensure a bountiful harvest [[1]].

4. Were slaves in Rome considered as hired workers who received payment for their labor? No, slaves in Rome were not considered as hired workers who received payment for their labor. Slavery in ancient Rome involved the ownership of individuals as property, and slaves were not paid for their work.

5. Were all slaves in Rome deprived of rights? Yes, all slaves in Rome were deprived of rights. Slavery in ancient Rome involved the complete subjugation of individuals as property, and they did not possess legal rights.

6. Did slaves in Rome solely engage in agriculture and livestock farming? Columella's writings specifically mention the negative impact of slaves on agriculture and their poor handling of livestock. However, it does not imply that slaves were exclusively engaged in these activities. Slaves in Rome were involved in various occupations, including domestic service, mining, construction, and more.

In summary, based on Columella's writings, the statements that can be considered true are: - Slaves cause harm to the fields, poorly tend to livestock, cultivate the land inefficiently, and do not ensure a bountiful harvest. - Slaves steal grain and do not adequately protect it from other thieves. - Slave overseers incorrectly record the quantity of grain during the harvest in the account books.

The other statements cannot be directly supported by Columella's writings.