Question

Чому, на вашу думку, Кримське ханство стало васалом Османської імперії?​

Answer 1

Кримське ханство потрапило під залежність від Османської імперії через внутрішню боротьбу за владу в ханстві. Ув'язнений Менглі-Гірай, який змагався за владу з беєм Емінехом, запросив на допомогу турецького султана, Мехмеда Другого, який і визволив його. За надану послугу Менглі-Гірай визнав Кримське ханство васалом Османів.

Answer 2

I can chat with you in Ukrainian. You asked me why the Crimean Khanate became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Here is what I found:

The Crimean Khanate was one of the successor states to the Mongol Golden Horde, which ruled over the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The khanate was founded in 1441 by Hacı I Giray, a descendant of Genghis Khan, and was centered at Bakhchysaray. The khanate maintained its independence from the other Mongol states, such as Kazan and Astrakhan, and established trade and diplomatic relations with the neighboring powers, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Muscovy.

However, the khanate also faced many threats and challenges from its rivals. The Genoese had established colonies along the Crimean coast, which competed with the khanate for trade and resources. The principality of Theodoro, also known as Mangup, was a Greek Christian state that resisted the khanate's attempts to conquer it. The Nogai Horde, a nomadic confederation of Turkic tribes, was an ally of the khanate, but also a source of instability and rebellion. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy were expanding their territories and influence, and often clashed with the khanate over the control of the Ukrainian lands.

In 1475, the Ottoman Empire entered the region as a new player following Gedik Ahmed Pasha’s conquest of the Genoese colonies at Caffa (Kefe), Soldia (Sudak), and Cembalo (Balıklava), as well as of the Greek principality of Theodoro (Mankub). As a result of these conquests, the Crimean Khanate became a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman sultan enjoyed veto power over the selection of new Crimean khans, and the khanate had to pay tribute and provide military assistance to the empire. The khanate also lost its coastal territories, which were annexed by the Ottomans. However, the khanate also benefited from the Ottoman protection and patronage. The khanate was able to preserve its autonomy and culture, and continued to rule over the steppes of Desht-i Kipchak, as well as the Nogai and Circassian tribes. The khanate also received subsidies and trade privileges from the empire, and was able to expand its influence and raids into the Polish-Lithuanian and Muscovite lands.

The khanate remained a vassal of the Ottoman Empire until 1774, when the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, which ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, recognized the khanate as an independent state under Russian influence. However, this independence was short-lived, as the Russian Empire annexed the khanate in 1783, violating the treaty and ending the existence of the khanate.

I hope this answer was helpful and informative. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me.