Question

Этот тип почвы формируется на сухих степных участках в условиях недостаточного увлажнения и бедной растительности. Основным критерием для разграничения является степень их гумусованности, которая составляет от 2 до 5%. Мощность гумусового горизонта составляет 15-30 см буровато-темного цвета с каштановым оттенком. Этот тип почв разделяют на три подтипа. Ответ: ___

Answer 1

Characteristics of Chernozem Soil

Chernozem soil is a type of soil that forms in dry steppe regions with limited moisture and poor vegetation. It is characterized by its high humus content and dark color. Here are some key characteristics of chernozem soil:

1. Formation: Chernozem soil forms in areas with dry steppe climates, where there is insufficient moisture for the growth of forests. The lack of vegetation leads to the accumulation of organic matter, which contributes to the high humus content of the soil.

2. Humus Content: The humus content of chernozem soil ranges from 2% to 5%. Humus is the organic component of soil that is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter. The high humus content gives chernozem soil its fertility and dark color.

3. Color: Chernozem soil is characterized by its dark color, which is typically dark brown or black. The dark color is due to the high organic matter content, particularly humus.

4. Horizon Thickness: Chernozem soil has a distinct humus-rich horizon, known as the A horizon or the topsoil. The thickness of this humus horizon ranges from 15 to 30 centimeters.

5. Texture: Chernozem soil has a loamy texture, which means it has a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay particles. This texture allows the soil to retain moisture while still providing good drainage.

6. Fertility: Chernozem soil is highly fertile and supports the growth of various crops. Its high humus content provides essential nutrients for plant growth and improves the soil's water-holding capacity.

Subtypes of Chernozem Soil

Chernozem soil can be further classified into three subtypes based on specific characteristics:

1. Dark Chestnut Chernozem: This subtype has a thicker humus horizon, ranging from 25 to 30 centimeters. It is typically found in areas with a more favorable climate and higher moisture availability.

2. Chestnut Chernozem: This subtype has a thinner humus horizon, ranging from 15 to 25 centimeters. It is found in areas with a drier climate compared to the dark chestnut chernozem subtype.

3. Grey Chestnut Chernozem: This subtype has a lighter color and lower humus content compared to the other subtypes. It is typically found in areas with a colder climate and lower moisture availability.

These subtypes reflect variations in climate, moisture availability, and vegetation cover, which influence the formation and characteristics of chernozem soil.