Question

Почему в 15 веке.Португалия стала лидером в мореплавании?)

Answer 1

Потому что с их стороны был выход океан в Индии

Answer 2

Portuguese Leadership in Maritime Exploration in the 15th Century

In the 15th century, Portugal emerged as a leader in maritime exploration for several reasons. Here are some key factors that contributed to Portugal's rise as a maritime power:

1. Geographic Location: Portugal's strategic location on the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula provided easy access to the Atlantic Ocean. This proximity to the sea allowed Portuguese sailors to embark on voyages of exploration and trade.

2. Technological Advancements: Portuguese sailors developed and utilized advanced navigational techniques and technologies. They improved their shipbuilding skills, creating vessels like the caravel, which were highly maneuverable and capable of long-distance travel. Additionally, they made significant advancements in cartography and navigation instruments, such as the astrolabe and quadrant.

3. Motivation for Trade: Portugal sought to establish direct trade routes with the lucrative markets of Asia, bypassing the intermediaries who controlled the overland routes. This desire for direct access to valuable goods like spices and silks motivated Portuguese explorers to venture into unknown waters.

4. Patronage and Support: Portuguese explorers received support from the Portuguese monarchy. King John I and his successors provided financial backing, resources, and encouragement for maritime expeditions. This support enabled Portuguese explorers to undertake ambitious voyages and establish trade networks.

5. Henry the Navigator: Infante Henry the Navigator played a crucial role in promoting and organizing Portuguese maritime exploration. He established a school of navigation in Sagres, where scholars and sailors gathered to study and develop navigational techniques. Henry's patronage and leadership were instrumental in fostering a culture of exploration and discovery in Portugal.

6. Exploration of the African Coast: Portuguese sailors, under the guidance of Henry the Navigator, began exploring the African coast in the early 15th century. They gradually pushed southward, establishing trading posts and colonies along the way. This exploration laid the foundation for future Portuguese expeditions and expanded their knowledge of navigation and seafaring.

7. Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India: In 1497-1498, Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama successfully sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and reached India, opening a direct sea route to the lucrative spice trade. This landmark voyage demonstrated Portugal's ability to navigate the treacherous waters of the Indian Ocean and solidified their position as a major maritime power.

It is important to note that while these factors contributed to Portugal's leadership in maritime exploration, other European nations, such as Spain, England, and the Netherlands, also made significant advancements in navigation and exploration during this period.