Question

Меры по охране почвы?

Answer 1

Приемы почвозащитной обработки почв. Они подразделяются на приемы, увеличивающие скорость впитывания влаги в почву путем улучшения ее водопроницаемости и увеличения емкости почвенных пор (глубокая вспашка и рыхление, щелевание, кротование и т. д.); приемы, снижающие скорость отекания воды, задерживающие ее в микропонижениях путем создания микрорельефа и шероховатости почвы (обвалование и бороздование, лункование, микролимирование и т. д.); приемы, снижающие силу ветра в приземном слое (плоскорезная обработка, посев по стерне и т. д.).
3. Снегозадержание, и регулирование снеготаяния (посев кулис, валкование, укатка и полосное зачернение снега и т. д.).4. Агротехнические приемы повышения плодородия эродированных почв, основанные на внесении повышенных норм органических, минеральных и бактериальных удобрений, микроудобрений, известковании кислых и гипсовании засоленных смытых почв.5. Агрофизические приемы повышения противоэрозионной устойчивости почв, основанные на их обработке полимерами - структурообразователями и латексами, внесение различных препаратов.

Answer 2

Measures to Protect Soil

Soil protection is essential for maintaining the health and productivity of agricultural land and preserving the environment. Here are some measures that can be taken to protect soil:

1. Conservation Tillage: Conservation tillage involves minimizing soil disturbance during planting and cultivation. This helps to reduce erosion, improve water infiltration, and enhance soil organic matter content.

2. Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in a specific sequence on the same land. It helps to break pest and disease cycles, improve soil fertility, and reduce the risk of soil erosion.

3. Cover Crops: Cover crops are planted between main crops to protect the soil from erosion, improve soil structure, and enhance nutrient cycling. They also help to suppress weeds and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

4. Terracing: Terracing involves creating level platforms on sloping land to reduce soil erosion by slowing down the flow of water. This practice is particularly effective in hilly or mountainous regions.

5. Contour Farming: Contour farming involves planting crops along the contour lines of the land. This helps to reduce soil erosion by slowing down the flow of water and trapping sediment.

6. Windbreaks: Windbreaks are rows of trees or shrubs planted along the edges of fields to reduce wind erosion. They help to create a barrier that slows down wind speed and prevents soil particles from being carried away.

7. Mulching: Mulching involves covering the soil surface with organic or inorganic materials, such as straw, wood chips, or plastic. It helps to conserve soil moisture, suppress weed growth, and protect the soil from erosion.

8. Proper Irrigation: Efficient irrigation practices, such as drip irrigation or precision sprinklers, can help to minimize water runoff and reduce soil erosion. By providing water directly to the plant roots, these methods also help to conserve water resources.

9. Avoid Overgrazing: Overgrazing can lead to soil compaction, erosion, and loss of vegetation cover. Implementing proper grazing management practices, such as rotational grazing and rest periods for pastures, can help to prevent soil degradation.

10. Soil Testing and Nutrient Management: Regular soil testing can help to determine the nutrient content and pH level of the soil. Based on the test results, appropriate nutrient management practices can be implemented to optimize crop growth and minimize nutrient runoff.

These are just a few examples of measures that can be taken to protect soil. Implementing a combination of these practices, along with proper land management techniques, can help to ensure the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems and protect the soil for future generations.