Question

В предгорьях Гималаев находится местечко Черрапунджи, здесь зарегистрировано самое редкостное количество осадков на Земле.Объясните какие климатообразующие факторы повлияли на образование этого явления.

Answer 1

Гималаи препятствуют прохождению теплых влажных воздушных масс с моря на материк. В горах эти воздушные массы охлаждаются, и в предгорьях идет дождь.

Answer 2

Climate Factors Affecting Cherrapunji's Extreme Precipitation

Cherrapunji, located in the foothills of the Himalayas, holds the record for the highest average annual rainfall on Earth. Several climate factors have contributed to the formation of this phenomenon.

Location and Topography: Cherrapunji's proximity to the Bay of Bengal and its position in the path of the moisture-laden monsoon winds play a significant role in its extreme precipitation levels. The town is situated on the southern slopes of the Khasi Hills, which act as a barrier to the moisture-laden winds, forcing them to rise and cool, leading to heavy rainfall.

Monsoon Winds: The southwest monsoon winds, which carry moisture from the Bay of Bengal, are a crucial factor in Cherrapunji's high rainfall. When these winds encounter the Khasi Hills, they are forced to ascend, leading to orographic lifting and subsequent condensation and precipitation.

Topographical Uplift: The uplift of air masses as they encounter the elevated terrain of the Khasi Hills leads to adiabatic cooling, which enhances the condensation and precipitation processes. This topographical uplift is a key factor in the high rainfall levels experienced in Cherrapunji.

Conclusion: The combination of Cherrapunji's location in the path of moisture-laden monsoon winds, its topographical features, and the orographic lifting of air masses due to the Khasi Hills collectively contribute to the extreme precipitation levels observed in this region.