Question

Почему в африке повторяются дважды субэкваториальные тропический и субтропический климатический пояса.почему зона экваториальных лесов не достигает восточного побережья Африки омываемого индийским океаном. и почему плотность населения является высокой в бассейне конго и на востоке африки

Answer 1

Африка лежит в двух полушариях: северном и южном, так как почти посередине пересекается экватором. Отсюда и повторение клим. поясов. 
В восточной Африке находится Восточно-Африканское плоскогорье и Эфиопское нагорье-клим. условия меняются с высотой, а значит и меняется природная зона. У подножия экватор. леса, которые сменяются саваннами. 
В бассейне реки Конго-непроходимые экваториальные леса, в которых проживают пигмеи. На востоке население в основном проживает на берегах рек и озер.

Answer 2

Climate Zones in Africa

Africa experiences the repetition of the equatorial, tropical, and subtropical climate zones due to its geographical location and the influence of global wind patterns. These climate zones are determined by factors such as latitude, altitude, and ocean currents.

The equatorial climate zone is located near the equator and is characterized by high temperatures, high humidity, and abundant rainfall throughout the year. It is found in the central part of Africa, including countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Gabon. The equatorial forests, also known as the Congo Basin or the African rainforest, are found in this region.

The tropical climate zone is located on both sides of the equatorial zone and extends towards the tropics. It is characterized by high temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season occurs during the summer months when the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) moves towards the region, bringing rainfall. The dry season occurs during the winter months when the ITCZ moves away. This climate zone covers a large part of Africa, including countries like Nigeria, Kenya, and Tanzania.

The subtropical climate zone is located further away from the equator, towards the northern and southern parts of Africa. It is characterized by milder temperatures and a larger temperature range compared to the equatorial and tropical zones. The subtropical climate zone is influenced by the subtropical high-pressure systems and the prevailing winds, such as the Harmattan wind in West Africa. This climate zone covers countries like Morocco, Egypt, and South Africa.

The repetition of these climate zones in Africa is primarily due to the following factors:

1. Geographical Location: Africa is located near the equator, which results in the presence of the equatorial climate zone. The continent also extends towards the tropics, leading to the presence of the tropical climate zone.

2. Global Wind Patterns: The movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the prevailing winds, such as the trade winds and the westerlies, influence the distribution of rainfall and the formation of distinct wet and dry seasons in the tropical and subtropical climate zones.

3. Ocean Currents: Ocean currents, such as the Benguela Current and the Canary Current, influence the climate along the coastlines of Africa. These currents can bring cooler or warmer waters, affecting the temperature and precipitation patterns in those regions.

4. Altitude: The elevation or altitude of a region also plays a role in determining its climate. Higher elevations generally have cooler temperatures, while lower elevations near sea level tend to be warmer.

Regarding the zone of equatorial forests not reaching the eastern coast of Africa washed by the Indian Ocean, it is important to note that the presence of equatorial forests is influenced by various factors, including rainfall patterns, temperature, and soil conditions. The eastern coast of Africa, particularly in countries like Kenya and Tanzania, experiences a different climate influenced by the Indian Ocean. The presence of the ocean moderates the temperature and brings moisture, resulting in a different vegetation type, such as coastal forests and savannas, rather than equatorial forests.

High population density in the Congo Basin and the eastern part of Africa can be attributed to several factors, including:

1. Natural Resources: The Congo Basin is rich in natural resources, such as minerals, timber, and oil, which can attract economic activities and population settlement.

2. Agricultural Potential: The fertile soils and favorable climate in the Congo Basin and the eastern part of Africa provide suitable conditions for agriculture, which can support a higher population density.

3. Historical Factors: Historical factors, such as migration patterns and the establishment of trade routes, can contribute to the concentration of population in certain areas.

4. Urbanization: The presence of major cities and urban centers in the Congo Basin and the eastern part of Africa can lead to higher population density due to economic opportunities and infrastructure development.

It is important to note that these factors interact with each other and can vary across different regions within the Congo Basin and the eastern part of Africa, leading to variations in population density.