Question

Как живые организмы преобразуют оболочки Земли?

Answer 1

Представление о её возникновении и развитии: биосфера возникла в результате эволюции. По-видимому, первыми были анаэробные бактерии. В. И. Вернадского впервые была раскрыта роль живых организмов в процессах планетарного масштаба, показано, что живые организмы и продукты их жизнедеятельности являются наиболее мощной геологической силой, играющей первостепенную роль в механизмах разрушения горных пород, круговорота веществ, изменения водной и воздушной оболочек планеты, эволюции верхних слоев литосферы.

Answer 2

How Living Organisms Transform the Earth's Surface

Living organisms play a crucial role in transforming the Earth's surface through various processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition. These processes are essential for shaping the Earth's landscapes and influencing the distribution of resources.

Weathering and Erosion: Living organisms contribute to weathering, the process of breaking down rocks and minerals. Plant roots, for example, can penetrate cracks in rocks, causing them to break apart over time. Additionally, the action of burrowing animals and insects can also contribute to the breakdown of rocks. Erosion, the process of transporting weathered material, is influenced by living organisms through activities such as burrowing, digging, and the movement of plant materials.

Deposition: Living organisms also play a role in the deposition of materials. For example, the remains of plants and animals can accumulate and contribute to the formation of sedimentary rocks. Additionally, the activities of organisms such as beavers can lead to the creation of dams, which can alter the flow of rivers and contribute to the deposition of sediments.

Biological Activity: Biological activity, including the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, contributes to the formation of soil. This process is essential for the development of fertile soil that supports plant growth and sustains ecosystems.

Impact on Soil Composition: Living organisms can also influence the composition of soil through processes such as nutrient cycling. For example, plants absorb nutrients from the soil, and when they die and decompose, these nutrients are returned to the soil, enriching it for future plant growth.

In summary, living organisms significantly impact the Earth's surface through their role in weathering, erosion, deposition, soil formation, and nutrient cycling. These processes are essential for shaping the Earth's landscapes and sustaining life on our planet.