Question

Почему образуются проливы и отливы?

Answer 1

Приливы: связано с Луной и Солнцем. Луна как магнит тянет за собой водные массы до прохождения зенита относительно местности.
Отливы: связано всё с теми же фактами. Единственное отличие- это прохождение определённой точки. 

Answer 2

Why do tides occur?

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun on Earth's oceans. The gravitational pull of the Moon is the primary cause of tides, while the Sun's gravitational force also contributes to a lesser extent. The interaction between these gravitational forces and the rotation of the Earth leads to the formation of tides.

The Moon's gravitational force attracts the water on Earth's surface, causing a bulge or high tide on the side of the Earth facing the Moon and on the opposite side. These are known as the "high tide bulges." At the same time, there are low tides in the areas between the high tide bulges.

The Sun's gravitational force also affects tides, but its influence is about half as strong as the Moon's. When the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun align, during a new moon or a full moon, their combined effect leads to higher high tides, known as spring tides. Conversely, when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are at right angles to each other, during the first and third quarter moon phases, their combined effect leads to lower high tides, known as neap tides.

It's important to note that tides are not solely determined by gravitational forces. Other factors, such as the shape of coastlines, the depth of the ocean, and the Earth's rotation, also influence the specific characteristics of tides in different locations.