Question

Важнейшим свойством почвы, отличающим её от горных пород, являются ,,,,,,,,,,,,, . Оно обусловлено наличием в почве ,,,,,,,,

Answer 1

Плодородие . Перегноя

Answer 2

The Importance of Soil and its Differentiation from Rocks

One of the most important properties that distinguishes soil from rocks is its ability to support plant growth. Soil provides a medium for plants to anchor their roots, access water and nutrients, and grow. This property is crucial for agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems.

The presence of organic matter in the soil is a key factor that enables it to support plant growth. Organic matter is derived from the decomposition of plant and animal materials, and it contributes to the soil's fertility, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability. It also improves the soil structure, allowing for better root penetration and aeration.

Factors Influencing Soil Properties

Several factors influence the properties of soil, including its composition, texture, structure, and pH level. These factors are determined by various processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, and biological activity.

Composition: Soil is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. The proportions of these components vary depending on the type of soil and its location. The mineral particles are derived from the weathering of rocks and minerals, while organic matter is derived from the decomposition of plant and animal materials.

Texture: Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in the soil. The texture affects the soil's ability to retain water, drain excess water, and provide a suitable environment for root growth. Sandy soils have larger particles and drain quickly, while clay soils have smaller particles and retain water more effectively.

Structure: Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles into aggregates or clumps. It is influenced by factors such as organic matter content, soil organisms, and the presence of minerals like iron and aluminum oxides. A well-structured soil has good pore spaces for water movement, root penetration, and air exchange.

pH Level: Soil pH is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. It affects the availability of nutrients to plants and the activity of soil microorganisms. Different plants have different pH requirements, and soil pH can be adjusted through the addition of lime or sulfur.