Question

Формы рельефа древней складчатости

Answer 1

Области складчатости - горы, Древние платформы - равнины.
Складчатость, имевшая место преимущественно в кайнозойскую эру в пределах геосинклинальных областей, развивавшихся в мезозое и раннем палеогене, завершилась возникновением молодых горных сооружений. Один из районов типичного проявления — Альпы. Кроме Альп, к области альпийской складчатости относятся: в Европе — Пиренеи, Андалусские горы, Апеннины, Карпаты, Динарские горы, Стара-Планина, Крымские горы, Кавказские горы; в Северной Африке — северная часть Атласских гор; в Азии — Понтийские горы и Тавр, Туркмено-Хорасанские горы, Эльбурс и Загрос, Сулеймановы горы, Гималаи, складчатые цепи Мьянмы, Индонезии, Камчатка, Японские и Филиппинские острова; в Северной Америке — складчатые хребты Тихоокеанского побережья Аляски и Калифорнии; в южной Америке — Анды; а также архипелаги, обрамляющие Австралию с востока, в том числе острова Новая Гвинея и Новая Зеландия.
Платформы подразделяются на участки выходов на поверхность пород фундамента — щиты и на не менее крупные участки, покрытые чехлом — плиты. Древние платформы (кратоны) составляют остовы континентов.

Answer 2

Forms of Relief in Ancient Folded Mountains

The forms of relief in ancient folded mountains can vary depending on the specific geological processes that have shaped them over time. These mountains are characterized by the folding and faulting of rock layers due to tectonic forces. Here are some key points about the forms of relief in ancient folded mountains:

1. Types of Folded Mountains: - Ancient folded mountains can be classified into different types based on their formation processes. These include: - Synclines: Downward-folding rock layers that form trough-like structures. - Anticlines: Upward-folding rock layers that form arch-like structures. - Monoclines: Steeply inclined or folded rock layers that resemble a single step or bend in the Earth's crust.

2. Mountain Ranges and Peaks: - Ancient folded mountains often form long mountain ranges with multiple peaks and valleys. - The folding and faulting of rock layers can create a series of parallel ridges and valleys, giving the mountains a distinctive appearance. - The highest peaks in ancient folded mountains are often found at the anticlines, where the rock layers have been uplifted.

3. Valleys and Gorges: - The folding and faulting of rock layers can also create deep valleys and gorges in ancient folded mountains. - These valleys are often formed along synclines, where the rock layers have been downfolded. - Rivers and streams may flow through these valleys, carving out gorges over time.

4. Plateaus and Plateau Uplifts: - Plateaus are flat or gently sloping elevated areas that can be found in ancient folded mountains. - They are often formed by the uplift and erosion of the folded rock layers. - Plateau uplifts occur when the rock layers are pushed upward, creating a raised plateau.

5. Faults and Thrusts: - Faults and thrusts are common features in ancient folded mountains. - Faults occur when there is a fracture or break in the Earth's crust, resulting in the displacement of rock layers. - Thrusts are a type of fault where one rock layer is pushed over another, often resulting in the formation of a fold.

6. Erosional Features: - Erosion plays a significant role in shaping the relief of ancient folded mountains over time. - Rivers, glaciers, wind, and other erosional agents can carve out valleys, create waterfalls, and shape the overall landscape.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and snippets from various sources. For more detailed and specific information, it is recommended to refer to the original sources.