Question

Этот архипелаг был открыт позже других российских арктических архипелагов. В романе В. Каверина "Два капитана" говорится, что эти острова были открыты капитаном Иваном Татариновым, погибшим в плавании. Кто в действительности открыл этот архипелаг? Как его сначала назвали, и каковы его официальные названия в разное время?

Answer 1

Это архипелаг "Северная Земля".
Открыт в 1913 году во время плавания русского ледокола "Таймыр". Землю назвали в честь правившего царя - "Земля императора Николая Второго". В 1926 году переименовали и дали название "Северная Земля". 

Answer 2

The Discovery and Naming of the Arctic Archipelago

The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Franz Josef Land, is a group of islands located in the Arctic Ocean. It was indeed discovered later than other Russian Arctic archipelagos. In the novel "Two Captains" by V. Kaverin, it is mentioned that these islands were discovered by Captain Ivan Tatarinov, who tragically lost his life during the expedition. However, the actual discovery and naming of the archipelago have different historical accounts.

According to historical records, the Arctic Archipelago was officially discovered by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition led by Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht in 1873. They named the archipelago after the Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph I. This is why it is commonly known as Franz Josef Land.

The archipelago consists of approximately 191 islands, and it is located in the northeastern part of the Barents Sea. It covers an area of about 16,134 square kilometers. The islands are characterized by their harsh Arctic climate, with freezing temperatures and extensive ice coverage throughout the year.

Over time, the archipelago has been subject to various territorial claims and expeditions by different nations. In 1926, the Soviet Union established a permanent presence on the archipelago, conducting scientific research and establishing military bases. Today, Franz Josef Land is part of the Russian Federation and is considered an important area for scientific research and environmental conservation.

Official Names of the Arctic Archipelago

The Arctic Archipelago, or Franz Josef Land, has had different official names throughout history. Here are some of the names it has been known by at different times:

1. Franz Josef Land: This is the most commonly used name for the archipelago. It was named after the Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph I by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition in 1873.

2. Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa: This is the Russian name for Franz Josef Land. It translates to "Land of Franz Joseph."

3. Zemlya Vil'yamsa: During the Soviet era, the archipelago was briefly renamed Zemlya Vil'yamsa, meaning "Williams Land," after the British explorer William Barents.

4. Severnye Zemli: This is another Russian name for the archipelago, which translates to "Northern Lands."

It's worth noting that the official name used today is Franz Josef Land, reflecting its historical naming by the Austro-Hungarian expedition.