Question

2. Поясніть сутність теорії літосферних плит. ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

За цією теорією вся літосфера складається з окремих плит , які рухаються в горизнонтальному напрямку .

Ближче до океанічних хребтів плити нарощуються за рахунок газів і речовин що вивільнюються з надр.

Там де плити зіштовхуються виникає колізія .

Объяснение:

Answer 2

The Essence of Plate Tectonic Theory

The theory of plate tectonics is a scientific model that explains the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithospheric plates. It provides a framework for understanding various geological phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain formation, and the distribution of continents and oceans.

According to the theory, the Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large and small rigid plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These plates are constantly moving, albeit very slowly, due to the convective currents in the underlying mantle. The boundaries between these plates are known as plate boundaries.

There are three main types of plate boundaries:

1. Divergent Boundaries: These occur where two plates move away from each other. As the plates separate, magma rises from the asthenosphere and solidifies to form new crust, creating a gap known as a rift. Divergent boundaries are responsible for the formation of mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys on land.

2. Convergent Boundaries: These occur where two plates collide. There are three types of convergent boundaries: oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental. When two oceanic plates collide, one is usually subducted beneath the other, forming a deep ocean trench and volcanic arcs. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is subducted, resulting in the formation of a volcanic arc and a mountain range. When two continental plates collide, neither is subducted, but instead, the collision leads to the formation of large mountain ranges.

3. Transform Boundaries: These occur where two plates slide past each other horizontally. Transform boundaries are characterized by frequent earthquakes, as the plates are locked together and build up stress over time. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a transform boundary.

The theory of plate tectonics provides a comprehensive explanation for the distribution of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges around the world. It also helps us understand the formation and breakup of supercontinents throughout Earth's history, such as Pangaea.

Overall, the theory of plate tectonics revolutionized our understanding of the Earth's dynamic nature and continues to be a fundamental concept in the field of geology.