Question

Чому Північний Льодовитий океан при 00С не замерзає? Чому температура поверхневих вод змінюється від екватора до полюсів?Чому найбільш прогрітими є поверхневі води (перші 200 м товщі)?До чого призведе зменшення солоності Чорного моря?(СРОЧНО ДАЮ 50 БАЛЛОВ!!!)​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Площа крижаної шапки Північного Льодовитого океану змінюється протягом року, досягаючи мінімуму у вересні. Кліматичні моделі передбачають, що при збереженні поточних темпів глобального потепління приблизно в 2050 році лід над океаном вперше за багато років розтане практично повністю, зберігши менше мільйона квадратних кілометрів плавучих крижин. Однак нова робота, опублікована в журналі Geophysical Research Letters, переносить цю подію на ще більш ранній термін.

Answer 2

Why does the Arctic Ocean not freeze at 0°C?

The Arctic Ocean does not freeze at 0°C due to the high salinity of its water. The freezing point of water decreases as its salinity increases. The average salinity of the Arctic Ocean is around 30-35 parts per thousand (ppt), which is higher than the salinity of most other oceans. As a result, the freezing point of the Arctic Ocean is lower than 0°C, typically around -1.8°C to -2.0°C [[1]].

Why does the temperature of surface waters change from the equator to the poles?

The temperature of surface waters changes from the equator to the poles due to various factors, including solar radiation, ocean currents, and atmospheric circulation patterns. Near the equator, the sun's rays are more direct, resulting in higher solar radiation and warmer temperatures. As you move towards the poles, the angle at which the sun's rays hit the Earth's surface decreases, leading to lower solar radiation and cooler temperatures.

Ocean currents also play a significant role in redistributing heat around the globe. Warm ocean currents, such as the Gulf Stream, carry warm water from the equator towards the poles, contributing to the relatively warmer temperatures in those regions. Conversely, cold ocean currents, like the Labrador Current, transport cold water from the poles towards the equator, leading to cooler temperatures in those areas [[2]].

Atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells, also influence temperature distribution. These cells are responsible for the movement of air masses and the transfer of heat from the equator to the poles. The combination of these factors results in the temperature variations observed from the equator to the poles.

Why are surface waters (first 200m) the warmest?

The surface waters of the ocean, particularly the top 200 meters, are the warmest due to several factors, including solar radiation, mixing processes, and the absorption of heat by the ocean.

Solar radiation is a primary source of heat for the ocean. The sun's rays penetrate the surface of the water, warming it. The top layer of the ocean, known as the mixed layer, is directly influenced by solar radiation and is typically the warmest part of the water column.

Mixing processes, such as wind-driven turbulence and ocean currents, also contribute to the warming of surface waters. Wind causes waves and turbulence, which mix warmer surface waters with cooler waters below, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution within the mixed layer.

Additionally, the ocean absorbs and stores heat from the atmosphere. As the sun heats the Earth's surface, the surface waters of the ocean absorb a significant amount of this heat. This absorption of heat by the ocean contributes to the warming of the surface waters.

What will be the consequence of reduced salinity in the Black Sea?

A reduction in salinity in the Black Sea can have various consequences for the ecosystem and water properties. However, it's important to note that the salinity of the Black Sea is relatively stable and has not experienced significant changes in recent years.

If the salinity of the Black Sea were to decrease, it could potentially impact the balance of marine life in the region. Some species of marine organisms are adapted to specific salinity levels, and a significant decrease in salinity could disrupt their habitats and affect their survival.

Changes in salinity can also influence water density and circulation patterns. A decrease in salinity could lead to a decrease in water density, potentially affecting the vertical mixing of water masses and nutrient distribution. This, in turn, could impact primary productivity and the overall health of the marine ecosystem.

It's worth noting that the Black Sea is a complex and dynamic system influenced by various factors, including freshwater inputs from rivers, evaporation, and exchange with the Mediterranean Sea through the Bosporus Strait. Any changes in salinity would need to be considered in the context of these factors to fully understand their potential consequences.

Please note that the information provided is based on general knowledge and may not reflect the most up-to-date research on these topics.