Question

Назовите факторы обусловившие климатические особенности Сахары

Answer 1

Ответ:

На образование пустыни повлияли такие факторы: географическое положение; преобладание постоянных северо-восточных ветров (пассатов), которые характеризуются сухим воздухом с высоким атмосферным давлением; отсутствие каких-либо факторов, которые могут приносить влагу в регион (например, холодных океанических течений или др.)

Answer 2

Сахара частично захватывает территорию более десяти государств — Алжира, Египта, Ливии, Мавритании, Мали, Марокко, Нигера, Судана, Туниса и Чада, а также спорной территории Западная Сахара. Обширные пространства Сахары не заселены, оседлый образ жизни ограничен районами оазисов, долинами рек Нил и Нигер.

Сахара не поддаётся категоризации в рамках одного типа пустыни, хотя преобладающим является песчано-каменистый тип. В составе пустыни различают множество регионов: Тенере, Большой Восточный Эрг, Большой Западный Эрг, Танезруфт, Эль-Хамра, Игиди, Эрг-Шеш, Аравийскую, Алжирскую, Ливийскую, Нубийскую пустыни, пустыню Талак.

Answer 3

Factors influencing the climate of the Sahara Desert

The climate of the Sahara Desert is influenced by several factors. Here are some of the key factors that contribute to the unique climatic characteristics of the Sahara:

1. Latitude and Global Circulation Patterns: The Sahara Desert is located in the subtropical region, between approximately 15° and 30° north latitude. This location places it in the path of the trade winds, which blow from east to west. The descending air masses associated with these trade winds create a stable atmospheric condition, resulting in low precipitation and aridity in the region.

2. Subtropical High-Pressure Belt: The Sahara Desert falls within the subtropical high-pressure belt known as the subtropical ridge or the subtropical anticyclone. This high-pressure system leads to sinking air, inhibiting the formation of clouds and precipitation. As a result, the Sahara experiences very little rainfall.

3. Rain Shadow Effect: The Atlas Mountains, located to the north of the Sahara, act as a barrier to moisture-laden winds coming from the Mediterranean Sea. As the winds rise over the mountains, they cool and release moisture, resulting in rainfall on the northern slopes. However, as the air descends on the southern side of the mountains, it becomes drier, creating a rain shadow effect that contributes to the aridity of the Sahara Desert.

4. Subsidence Inversion Layer: The Sahara Desert experiences a phenomenon known as a subsidence inversion layer. This layer is formed when the descending air from the upper atmosphere warms as it sinks, creating a temperature inversion. This inversion layer acts as a cap, preventing the vertical movement of air and inhibiting cloud formation and precipitation.

5. Influence of Ocean Currents: The Sahara Desert is located far from major bodies of water, such as oceans. The absence of nearby water bodies limits the availability of moisture for precipitation, contributing to the arid conditions in the region.

6. Albedo Effect: The Sahara Desert is characterized by vast expanses of light-colored sand and rock, which have a high albedo. This means that they reflect a significant amount of incoming solar radiation back into the atmosphere, leading to high daytime temperatures and low nighttime temperatures in the desert.

These factors, among others, contribute to the extreme aridity and unique climate of the Sahara Desert.