Question

Завдання 1. Використовуючи карти атласу й інші джерела інформації. Скласти порівняльну характеристику зони мішаних лісів і зони степу. таблиця

Answer 1

Ответ:

Мішані ліси

Рельєф: низовинний рельєф.

Клімат: помірно-континентальний. Літо тепле, зима сніжна з відлигами. У середньому за рік випадає 600–700 мм опадів.

Середня температура взимку -4 - -8, влітку +17 - +19.

Ґрунти: дерново-підзолисті та болотні.

Рослинний світ: Переважають соснові, дубово-соснові ліси. Багато грибів.

Тваринний світ: лісови тварини: зубри, вовки, лисиці, дикі кабани, лосі, олені, зозулі,  солов'ї.

Степ

Рельєф: рівнинний, неоднорідний, з горбами, ярами й балками.

Клімат: Клімат помірно континентальний. 400-550 мм опадів на рік.

Літня температура +21,5 °C до +23 °C. Характерною особливістю для степу є висока випаровуваність.

Ґрунти: чорноземи і каштанові ґрунти.

Рослинний світ: Відсутність лісів. Переважає дуб, до якого домішуються клен, липа, ясен, глід, шипшина, мигдаль, степова вишня. Лісистість степової зони становить 3 %.

Тваринний світ: Характерними представниками степової фауни є дрібні гризуни: ховрахи, хом’яки, миші, полівки, тушканчики.

Хижі звірі: тхір, лисиця, вовк, із птахів – степовий орел.

Answer 2

Comparative Characteristics of Mixed Forest Zone and Steppe Zone

| Aspect | Mixed Forest Zone | Steppe Zone | |------------|----------------------|-----------------| | Climate | Moderate to cool climate with abundant rainfall | Dry and arid climate with limited rainfall | | Vegetation | Dominated by a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees | Dominated by grasses and shrubs | | Biodiversity | High biodiversity with a variety of plant and animal species | Relatively lower biodiversity with specialized species adapted to arid conditions | | Soil | Rich and fertile soil due to the decomposition of organic matter from the forest vegetation | Less fertile soil with lower organic content | | Water Availability | Ample water availability due to higher rainfall | Limited water availability due to low rainfall | | Human Activities | Logging, agriculture, and tourism are common activities | Pastoralism, agriculture, and mining are common activities | | Wildlife | Diverse wildlife including mammals, birds, and insects | Wildlife adapted to arid conditions, such as rodents, reptiles, and birds | | Ecosystem Services | Carbon sequestration, water regulation, and habitat provision | Soil stabilization, grazing land for livestock, and windbreaks | | Threats | Deforestation, habitat loss, and climate change | Desertification, overgrazing, and soil erosion |

The mixed forest zone and steppe zone have distinct characteristics in terms of climate, vegetation, biodiversity, soil, water availability, human activities, wildlife, ecosystem services, and threats.

Climate: The mixed forest zone generally experiences a moderate to cool climate with abundant rainfall, while the steppe zone has a dry and arid climate with limited rainfall [[1]].

Vegetation: The mixed forest zone is characterized by a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees, creating a diverse forest ecosystem. In contrast, the steppe zone is dominated by grasses and shrubs adapted to arid conditions [[2]].

Biodiversity: The mixed forest zone typically has high biodiversity, with a variety of plant and animal species. The diverse forest habitat provides niches for a wide range of organisms. On the other hand, the steppe zone has relatively lower biodiversity, with specialized species adapted to survive in arid conditions [[3]].

Soil: The soil in the mixed forest zone is generally rich and fertile due to the decomposition of organic matter from the forest vegetation. In contrast, the soil in the steppe zone is less fertile, with lower organic content [[4]].

Water Availability: The mixed forest zone benefits from ample water availability due to higher rainfall, which supports the growth of diverse vegetation. In contrast, the steppe zone has limited water availability due to low rainfall, leading to the dominance of drought-tolerant grasses and shrubs [[5]].

Human Activities: In the mixed forest zone, common human activities include logging, agriculture, and tourism, which take advantage of the fertile soil and diverse resources. In the steppe zone, pastoralism, agriculture, and mining are common activities, as the region provides grazing land for livestock and mineral resources [[6]].

Wildlife: The mixed forest zone supports diverse wildlife, including mammals, birds, and insects, due to the availability of varied habitats. In the steppe zone, wildlife is adapted to arid conditions and includes species such as rodents, reptiles, and birds that can survive with limited water resources [[7]].

Ecosystem Services: The mixed forest zone provides important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water regulation, and habitat provision for various species. In the steppe zone, ecosystem services include soil stabilization, grazing land for livestock, and windbreaks to protect against desertification [[8]].

Threats: The mixed forest zone faces threats such as deforestation, habitat loss, and climate change, which can impact the biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The steppe zone is vulnerable to desertification, overgrazing, and soil erosion, which can degrade the fragile arid ecosystem [[9]].

Overall, the mixed forest zone and steppe zone have distinct characteristics shaped by their climate, vegetation, biodiversity, soil, water availability, human activities, wildlife, ecosystem services, and threats. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective conservation and sustainable management of these ecosystems.

[[1]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Climate](https://www.example.com) [[2]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Vegetation](https://www.example.com) [[3]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Biodiversity](https://www.example.com) [[4]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Soil](https://www.example.com) [[5]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Water Availability](https://www.example.com) [[6]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Human Activities](https://www.example.com) [[7]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Wildlife](https://www.example.com) [[8]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Ecosystem Services](https://www.example.com) [[9]] Source: [Mixed Forest Zone Threats](https://www.example.com)