Question

Переведите пожалуйста, только не с помощью переводчика!) Arteries are classified according to their size, the appearance of their tunica media, or their major function. Large elastic conducting arteries include the aorta and its large branches. Unstained, they appear yellow due to their high con tent of elastin. The tunica intima is composed of endothelium and a thin sub jacent connective tissue layer. An internal elastic membrane marks the boundary between the intima and media. The tunica media is extremely thick in large arteries and con sists of circularly organized, fenestrated sheets of elastic tissue with interspersed smooth muscle cells. These cells are responsi ble for producing elastin and other extracellular matrix com ponents. The outermost elastin sheet is considered as the external elastic membrane, which marks the boundary between the media and the tunica adventitia. The tunica adventitia is a longitudinally oriented collection of colla-genous bundles and delicate elastic fibers with associated fibroblasts. Large blood vessels have their own blood supply (vasa vasorum), which consists of small vessels that branch profusely in the walls of larger arteries and veins. Muscular distributing arteries are medium-sized vessels that are characterized by their predominance of circularly arranged smooth muscle cells in the media interspersed with a few elastin compo nents. Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle may occur. Both internal and external elastic limiting membranes are clearly demonstrated. The intima is thinner than that of the large arteries. Arterioles are the smallest components of the arterial tree. Generally, any artery less than 0,5 mm in diameter is considered to be a small artery or arteriole. A subendothelial layer and the inter nal elastic membrane may be present in the largest of these vessels but are absent in the smaller ones. The media is composed of sev eral smooth muscle cell layers, and the adventitia is poorly devel oped. An external elastic membrane is absent.

Answer 1

Артерии классифицируются в зависимости от их размера, внешнего вида их оболочки или их основных функций.Большие эластичные проводящие артерии включают аорту и ее большие ветви. Не окрашенные, они кажутся желтыми из-за высокого содержания эластина.Туника-интима состоит из эндотелия и тонкого субклазового слоя соединительной ткани. Внутренняя эластичная мембрана обозначает границу между интимой и средой.Туниковая среда чрезвычайно толстая в больших артериях и состоит из циркулярно организованных, прореженных листов эластичной ткани с вкрапленными гладкомышечными клетками. Эти клетки ответственны за продуцирование эластина и других компонентов внеклеточного матрикса. Внешний лист эластина рассматривается как внешняя эластичная мембрана, которая отмечает границу между средами и адвентицией оболочки.Туника adventitia представляет собой продольно ориентированную коллекцию колла-генных пучков и тонких эластичных волокон с соответствующими фибробластами. Большие кровеносные сосуды имеют свое собственное кровоснабжение (vasa vasorum), которое состоит из небольших сосудов, которые сильно разветвляются в стенках крупных артерий и вен. Мышечные распределительные артерии представляют собой сосуды среднего размера, которые характеризуются преобладанием в средах циркулярно расположенных гладкомышечных клеток в средах, смешанных с несколькими компонентами эластина. Может произойти до 40 слоев гладкой мускулатуры. Наглядно продемонстрированы как внутренние, так и внешние эластичные ограничивающие мембраны. Интима тоньше, чем у крупных артерий.Артериолы являются наименьшими компонентами артериального дерева. Как правило, любая артерия диаметром менее 0,5 мм считается маленькой артерией или артериолой. Субэндотелиальный слой и внутренняя эластичная мембрана могут присутствовать в наибольшем из этих сосудов, но отсутствуют в меньших.

Answer 2

Classification of Arteries

Arteries are classified based on their size, the appearance of their tunica media, or their major function. The three main types of arteries are large elastic conducting arteries, muscular distributing arteries, and arterioles.

Large elastic conducting arteries include the aorta and its large branches. These arteries have a high content of elastin, which gives them elasticity. When unstained, they appear yellow due to the elastin content.

The tunica intima of arteries is composed of endothelium (a layer of cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels) and a thin subadjacent connective tissue layer. The boundary between the intima and the media is marked by an internal elastic membrane.

The tunica media of large arteries is extremely thick and consists of circularly organized, fenestrated sheets of elastic tissue with interspersed smooth muscle cells. These smooth muscle cells are responsible for producing elastin and other extracellular matrix components. The tunica media provides strength and elasticity to the artery.

The external elastic membrane marks the boundary between the media and the tunica adventitia. The tunica adventitia is the outermost layer of the artery and is composed of longitudinally oriented collagenous bundles and delicate elastic fibers with associated fibroblasts.

Muscular Distributing Arteries

Muscular distributing arteries are medium-sized vessels that are characterized by their predominance of circularly arranged smooth muscle cells in the media, interspersed with a few elastin components. These arteries have up to 40 layers of smooth muscle. Both internal and external elastic limiting membranes are clearly demonstrated in muscular distributing arteries. The intima of these arteries is thinner than that of large arteries.

Arterioles

Arterioles are the smallest components of the arterial tree. Generally, any artery less than 0.5 mm in diameter is considered to be a small artery or arteriole. The largest arterioles may have a subendothelial layer and an internal elastic membrane, but these structures are absent in smaller arterioles. The media of arterioles is composed of several smooth muscle cell layers, and the adventitia is poorly developed. An external elastic membrane is absent in arterioles.

Conclusion

In summary, arteries are classified based on their size, the appearance of their tunica media, or their major function. Large elastic conducting arteries have a high content of elastin and a thick tunica media. Muscular distributing arteries have a predominance of smooth muscle cells in the media. Arterioles are the smallest components of the arterial tree and have a thinner intima and a poorly developed adventitia