Question

: People in London in the mid-nineteenth century greatly feared cholera. At this time doctors...........(believe) that cholera ......... (circulate) through the air, and ..........(not realize) that all the time raw sewage .........(enter) water supply, and that the disease ........(spread) through the domestic water system. Although in the 17th and 18th centuries London ....... (possess) a water supply system and a sewage system which were the changing situation. Broken water pipes and sewage pipes often ......(flow) into one another, and most sewage .........(end up) in the River Thames, which was the main source of drinking water for thousands. Between 1831 and 1867 a series of severe outbreaks .........(occur). In the outbreak of 1848-49, there were over 30000 cases of the disease in London, and 15000 people ..........(die). By the mid 1860s the situation .........(improve) mainly because by then engineers ........(work on) the construction of a completely new sewage system, which they .........(complete) in 1875, and which is still in use today.

Answer 1

People in London in the mid-nineteenth century greatly feared cholera. At this time doctors...........(believed) that cholera ......... (circulated) through the air, and ..........(did not realize) that all the time raw sewage .........(was entering) water supply, and that the disease ........(spread) through the domestic water system. Although in the 17th and 18th centuries London ....... (possessed) a water supply system and a sewage system which were the changing situation. Broken water pipes and sewage pipes often ......(flew) into one another, and most sewage .........(ended up) in the River Thames, which was the main source of drinking water for thousands. Between 1831 and 1867 a series of severe outbreaks .........(occured). In the outbreak of 1848-49, there were over 30000 cases of the disease in London, and 15000 people ..........(died). By the mid 1860s the situation .........(had improved) mainly because by then engineers ........(had been working on) the construction of a completely new sewage system, which they .........(completed) in 1875, and which is still in use today.

Answer 2

В середине XIX века люди в Лондоне сильно боялись холеры. В это время врачи считали, что холера передается воздушным путем, и не понимали, что сырая канализационная вода постоянно попадает в водоснабжение, а болезнь распространяется через домашнюю водную систему. Несмотря на то, что в XVII и XVIII веках в Лондоне существовали системы водоснабжения и канализации, ситуация менялась.

Разбитые трубы водоснабжения и канализации часто сливались друг в друга, и большинство сточных вод попадало в реку Темзу, которая была основным источником питьевой воды для тысяч людей. Между 1831 и 1867 годами произошла серия серьезных вспышек холеры. Во время вспышки 1848-49 годов было более 30 000 случаев болезни в Лондоне, и 15 000 человек умерли.

К середине 1860-х годов ситуация начала улучшаться, главным образом потому, что инженеры уже тогда работали над строительством совершенно новой системы канализации, которую они завершили в 1875 году. Эта система все еще используется и по сей день.