
Переведите текст пожалуйста! Primitive counting. The concept of number and the process of counting
developed so long before the time of recorded history that the way of this development is unknown to us. Try to imagine how it probably took place. People even in most primitive times had some number sense they could distinguish between "more" and "less" when some objects were added to or taken from a small group of objects. With the gradual evolution of society simple counting became especially necessary. A tribe had to know how many members it had or how many enemies it had to fight. A man had to know how many sheep he had in his flock. Probably the earliest way of counting way by some simple method, using the principle of one-to-one correspondence. While counting sheep, for example, one finger per sheep was probably turned under. People could also count with the help of pebbles or sticks, scratches on a stone or knots in a string. Then, perhaps later, vocal sounds were developed to denote the number of objects in a small group. And still later, with the development of writing, some symbols appeared to stand for these numbers. This imagined development is supported by the descriptions of anthropologists in their studies of primitive peoples. In the earlier stages of the vocal period of counting different sounds were used, for example for "two men", "two sheep". Don't forget that the number "two" independent of any concrete association, appeared much later. Our present number words probably referred to sets of certain concrete, but these connections, except for that relating "five" and "hand", are now forgotten and lost to us.

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Translation of Text
The text you provided discusses the development of the concept of number and the process of counting in primitive times. It mentions that the way of this development is unknown to us due to its occurrence long before recorded history. It suggests that even in the most primitive times, people had some sense of numbers and could distinguish between "more" and "less" when dealing with a small group of objects. As society evolved, simple counting became essential for various purposes, such as determining the size of a tribe, the number of enemies, or the quantity of livestock. The text also speculates on the possible methods of counting, such as using one-to-one correspondence, pebbles, sticks, scratches on a stone, knots in a string, and vocal sounds to denote numbers. It further suggests that symbols to represent numbers appeared with the development of writing. The text is supported by the descriptions of anthropologists in their studies of primitive peoples, indicating that different vocal sounds were used to represent numbers in the earlier stages of counting.
Development of Number Concept and Counting Methods
The concept of number and the process of counting developed long before recorded history. People in primitive times had a sense of numbers and could distinguish between "more" and "less" when dealing with a small group of objects. Simple counting became necessary as society evolved, for purposes such as determining tribe size, the number of enemies, or the quantity of livestock. The earliest way of counting may have involved simple methods, such as using the principle of one-to-one correspondence, pebbles, sticks, scratches on a stone, or knots in a string. Vocal sounds were later developed to denote the number of objects in a small group, and with the development of writing, symbols appeared to represent these numbers .Use of Vocal Sounds and Symbols for Counting
In the earlier stages of the vocal period of counting, different sounds were used to represent numbers, for example, for "two men" or "two sheep." It is suggested that the present number words probably referred to sets of certain concrete objects, but these connections, except for that relating "five" and "hand," are now forgotten and lost to us .This imagined development is supported by the descriptions of anthropologists in their studies of primitive peoples. The text speculates that people could also count with the help of pebbles or sticks, scratches on a stone, or knots in a string. Vocal sounds were later developed to denote the number of objects in a small group, and still later, with the development of writing, some symbols appeared to stand for these numbers .
Conclusion
The text provides insights into the development of the concept of number and the process of counting in primitive times, suggesting that the way of this development is unknown to us due to its occurrence long before recorded history. It outlines the possible methods of counting, such as using one-to-one correspondence, pebbles, sticks, scratches on a stone, knots in a string, vocal sounds, and symbols with the development of writing.

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