Question

Письменно переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы к тексту. The State The state is a product of society at a definite stage of its development. Private property divides men and allows them to exploit each other and in this way class contradictions begin. The special machinery created by the class of exploiters- the state helps them to keep order. In a class society the state is an instrument of political power of the ruling class. The state is a system of official institutions and organs. This system of organs is the machinery of government, the state machine. This machine includes such organs as the army, the police, the courts. The other part of the state machine consists of the system of state organs including the chief of the state (an individual or collective), parliament, government, departments and other organs. These organs are political; they are organs of state power of the ruling class. The constitution, legislation or traditions regulate the power of each state organ. Different types of states have different functions. That's why we speak of a state only as a historical category. 1. What is the state? 2. What does the class of exploiters create? 3. What does the other part of the state machine consist of? 4. What is the state machine? 5. Why do we speak about the state only as the historical category?

Answer 1

Государство

Государство есть продукт общества на определенном этапе его развития. Частная собственность разделяет людей и позволяет им использовать друг друга и таким образом классовые противоречия начинаются. Специальный механизм, созданный классом эксплуататоров - государство помогает им поддерживать порядок. В классовом обществе государство является инструментом политической власти господствующего класса. Государство-это система официальных учреждений и органов. Эта система органов государственного аппарата, государственной машины. Эта машина включает в себя такие органы, как армия, полиция, суды. Другая часть государственной машины состоит из системы государственных органов, в том числе глава государства (личность или коллективной), парламент, правительство, ведомства и другие органы. Эти органы являются политическими; они являются органами государственной власти правящего класса. Конституция, законодательство и традиции регулируют мощность каждого государственного органа. Различные типы государств имеют различные функции. Вот почему мы говорим о государстве только как об исторической категории.

1. The state is a product of society at a definite stage of its development.

2. The class of exploiters creates the special machinery.

3. The other part of the state machine consists of the system of state organs including the chief of the state, parliament, government, departments and other organs.

4. The machine includes such organs as the army, the police, the courts.

5. We speak about the state only as the historical category because different types of states have different functions.

Answer 2

The State and Its Role in Society

The text describes the state as a product of society at a specific stage of its development. It explains that private property creates divisions among people, leading to exploitation and the emergence of class contradictions. The state is portrayed as a special machinery created by the class of exploiters to maintain order and exercise political power. It consists of official institutions and organs, including the army, police, courts, parliament, government, and other political organs. The power of each state organ is regulated by the constitution, legislation, or traditions. The text emphasizes that the state is a historical category with different functions in different types of states.

Answers to the Questions

1. What is the state? - The state is described as a product of society at a specific stage of its development, serving as an instrument of political power for the ruling class .

2. What does the class of exploiters create? - The class of exploiters creates the special machinery of the state to help maintain order and exercise political power .

3. What does the other part of the state machine consist of? - The other part of the state machine consists of the system of state organs, including the chief of the state (an individual or collective), parliament, government, departments, and other political organs .

4. What is the state machine? - The state machine is described as the system of official institutions and organs, including the army, police, courts, and other political organs, which collectively form the machinery of government and state power .

5. Why do we speak about the state only as the historical category? - The state is referred to as a historical category because different types of states have different functions, emphasizing its historical context and evolution within societies .

Feel free to ask if you have further questions or need additional information!