Question

Помогите пожалуйста с переводом)The structure of higher education in Great Britain is very complex. The main sources of higher educational institutions are: universities (including the Open University1), teacher-training colleges and polytechnics. British universities come in all ages, sizes and shapes. The oldest of them, Oxford and Cambridge, founded in the 12-th and 13-th centuries took the students from all over the country. The younger civic or “Redbrick” universities serving the needs of their cities were organized in the 19-th century. The newest “Whitebrick” universities came into existence during the 1960s. Admission to universities is by examination or selection in the for of interviews. Applications from candidates for admission to nearly all universities are submitted to the Universities and Colleges Admission Service (UCAS). It is the UCAS that sends the copies to different universities and each university selects its own students. British universities are independent, self-governing institutions. Although they all receive financial support from the state (about 79 per cent), the Department of Education and Science has no control over their regulations, curriculum, examinations and the way in which the money is spent. Teacher education includes all forms of education provided mostly by teacher-training colleges which receive their grants directly from the Department of Education and Science. The great majority of colleges are maintained by the Local Education Authorities. The most usual route to a teaching qualification is by way of three or four year course, leading to the Bachelor of Education Degree.The universities and teacher-training colleges are classed as higher educational institutions because they awarddegrees. The normal duration of a first degree course is three of four years. At the end a Bachelor Degree is awarded on the results of examinations. A Master Degree is usually awarded after a further year or two years of studies. The highest degree is the Doctor of Philosophy. It is awarded for research and submission of a thesis-normally after Bachelor and Master Degrees.Apart from the Universities and teacher-training colleges there are 30 polytechnics in England and Wales and 14 Scottish central institutions. The work of the Polytechnics is of university level. But the universities, funded directly by the state, are less controlled than the Polytechnics. Local Education Authorities are responsible for the budgets of the Polytechnics. Their work is planned and financed by the Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council.Most degrees in Polytechnics are awarded by a national body called the Council for National Academic Awards. The Council ensures that the degrees awarded in polytechnics are equal to the degrees awarded by universities. Polytechnics award the Diploma in Technology. The usual course for the diploma is 3 years for full-time students and 4 years for “sandwich” course ones. The “sandwich” course students alternate periods of full-time education and full- time employment. These courses provide many people with the opportunity of receiving higher technical education.

Answer 1

Структура высшего образования в Великобритании является очень сложным. В Основными источниками высших учебных заведений являются: университеты ( в том числе открытого университета1), педагогических колледжей и политехнических. Британские университеты бывают всех возрастов, размеров и форм. Самый старый из них, Оксфорд и Кембридж, основанный в 12-м и 13-го веков взяли студентов со всей страны. Молодые гражданские или "Redbrick" университеты , обслуживающие потребности своих городов были организованы 19-го века. Новейшие университеты "Whitebrick" появились в 1960 - х. Прием в университетах путем осмотра или отбора в в интервью ибо. Заявки от кандидатов для поступления в почти всех университетов представлены в университеты и колледжи Admission обслуживания (UCAS). Это UCAS , который посылает копии различных университетов и каждый университет выбирает свои собственные студенты. Британские университеты являются независимыми, самоуправляющиеся институты. Хотя все они получают финансовую поддержку от государства (около 79 процентов), Департамент образования и Наука не имеет никакого контроля над их положениями, учебного плана, экзаменов и способ , в котором тратятся деньги. Педагогическое образование включает в себя все формы обучения , предоставляемые в основном педагогических колледжей , которые получают свои гранты непосредственно от Министерства образования и науки. Подавляющее большинство колледжей обслуживаются местными органами образования. Самый обычный путь к педагогической квалификации путем три или четыре года , конечно, ведет к бакалавра образования степени. Университеты и педагогические колледжи относятся к категории высших учебных заведений , потому что они присуждают степени. Нормальная продолжительность первого курса степени это три из четырех лет. В конце бакалавра степень присуждается по результатам экзаменов. Мастер Степень обычно присуждается после еще ​​одного года или двух лет обучения. Самая высокая степень доктор философии. Она присуждается за исследования и представления диссертации, как правило , после степени бакалавра и магистра. Помимо университетов и педагогических колледжей насчитывается 30 политехнических в Англии и Уэльсе и 14 шотландские центральные учреждения. Работа Политехника имеет университетского уровня. Но университеты, финансируемые непосредственно государством, меньше , чем контролируемое Политехники. Местные органы образования несут ответственность за бюджеты Политехники. Их работа планируется и финансируется за счет политехнических и колледжей финансирования Совета. Большинство степеней в политехнических награждаются национальным органом под названием Совет по делам национальных академических наград. Совет гарантирует , что степени , присвоенные в политехнических равны степеней , присуждаемых университетами. Политехники присудить диплом в области технологии. Обычный курс для диплома 3 года для студентов очного и 4 года для «сэндвич» курса из них. «Бутерброда» курса студенты чередовать периоды очного обучения и полной занятости занятости. Эти курсы дают много людей с возможностью получения высшего технического образования.

Answer 2

The structure of higher education in Great Britain is quite complex. The main sources of higher educational institutions in the country include universities (including the Open University), teacher-training colleges, and polytechnics. British universities vary in terms of age, size, and organizational structure. The oldest universities in Britain, Oxford and Cambridge, were founded in the 12th and 13th centuries and attract students from all over the country. On the other hand, there are younger civic or "Redbrick" universities that were established in the 19th century to serve the needs of their respective cities. Additionally, there are newer "Whitebrick" universities that came into existence during the 1960s.

Admission to universities in Great Britain is typically based on examinations or selection through interviews. Candidates for admission to almost all universities submit their applications to the Universities and Colleges Admission Service (UCAS), which then distributes copies of the applications to different universities. Each university has the autonomy to select its own students. While British universities receive financial support from the state (about 79 percent), the Department of Education and Science does not have control over their regulations, curriculum, examinations, or how the money is spent. British universities are independent and self-governing institutions.

Teacher education in Great Britain encompasses various forms of education primarily provided by teacher-training colleges. These colleges receive grants directly from the Department of Education and Science. The majority of these colleges are maintained by the Local Education Authorities. The most common route to obtaining a teaching qualification is through a three or four-year course leading to a Bachelor of Education degree.

Universities and teacher-training colleges are classified as higher educational institutions because they award degrees. The typical duration of a first-degree course is three or four years, and at the end of the course, a Bachelor's degree is awarded based on examination results. A Master's degree is usually awarded after an additional year or two of studies. The highest degree is the Doctor of Philosophy, which is awarded for research and the submission of a thesis, typically after obtaining Bachelor's and Master's degrees.

Apart from universities and teacher-training colleges, there are also 30 polytechnics in England and Wales, as well as 14 Scottish central institutions. The work carried out by polytechnics is at the university level. However, universities, which are directly funded by the state, have less control compared to polytechnics. The budgets of polytechnics are the responsibility of Local Education Authorities, and their work is planned and financed by the Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council. Most degrees in polytechnics are awarded by a national body called the Council for National Academic Awards, which ensures that the degrees awarded in polytechnics are equivalent to those awarded by universities. Polytechnics also award the Diploma in Technology, which typically requires three years of full-time study for regular students and four years for "sandwich" course students. "Sandwich" courses involve alternating periods of full-time education and full-time employment.

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