Question

Помогите перевести на английский) Судостроение в США Судостроительная отрасль США включает в себя 8 основных судостроительных компаний, которые производят шесть основных наименований продукции: подводные лодки, надводные боевые корабли, крупные десантные корабли, авианосцы, вспомогательные и исследовательские суда. Данные судостроительные компании не равнозначны и делятся на два уровня: 1 уровень — Большая шестёрка: «Ньюпорт Ньюс Шипбилдинг» (Newport News Shipbuilding), Avondale, Ingalls, принадлежащие Huntington Ingalls Industries (HHI, дочка корпорации Northrop Grumman) и «Дженерал Дайнемикс Электрик Боут Дивижн» (General Dynamics Electric Boat Division), Bath Iron Works, NASSCO, которые принадлежат корпорации General Dynamics. 2 уровень — Austal USA (филиал австраилийской судостроительной компании Austal) и Marinette Marine Corporation (была куплена итальянской Fincantieri) Судостроение США почти полностью ориентировано на продукцию военного назначения. Более того, судостроение строится на основе монопсонии — т.е. монополии одного покупателя, а именно ВМС (военно-морских сил) США. Доля гражданского судостроения минимальна, лишь 1 % мирового судостроения (из Большой шестёрки в последнее время лишь NASSCO успешно работает на рынке гражданского судостроения). Городские агломерации Северо-Восточного мегаполиса — центры судостроения

Answer 1

Ответ:

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Shipbuilding in the USA

The US shipbuilding industry includes 8 major shipbuilding companies that manufacture six main product lines: submarines, surface warships, large amphibious ships, aircraft carriers, auxiliary and research vessels.

These shipbuilding companies are not equivalent and are divided into two levels:

Level 1 - The Big Six: Newport News Shipbuilding, Avondale, Ingalls owned by Huntington Ingalls Industries (HHI, a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman) and General Dynamics Electric Boat Division, Bath Iron Works, NASSCO, which are owned by General Dynamics Corporation.

Level 2 - Austal USA (a subsidiary of the Australian shipbuilding company Austal) and Marinette Marine Corporation (was bought by the Italian Fincantieri)

US shipbuilding is almost entirely focused on military products. Moreover, shipbuilding is based on monopsony - i.e. monopoly of one buyer, namely the US Navy (Navy). The share of civil shipbuilding is minimal, only 1% of world shipbuilding (of the Big Six, only NASSCO has recently been successfully operating in the civil shipbuilding market).

Urban agglomerations of the North-Eastern metropolis - shipbuilding centers

Answer 2

Translation: Shipbuilding in the USA

The shipbuilding industry in the USA includes 8 major shipbuilding companies that produce six main types of products: submarines, surface combatants, large amphibious ships, aircraft carriers, auxiliary, and research vessels. These shipbuilding companies are not equivalent and are divided into two levels: 1. The "Big Six": Newport News Shipbuilding, Avondale, Ingalls (owned by Huntington Ingalls Industries), General Dynamics Electric Boat Division, Bath Iron Works, and NASSCO (owned by General Dynamics). 2. Austal USA (a subsidiary of the Australian shipbuilding company Austal) and Marinette Marine Corporation (acquired by the Italian Fincantieri).

The shipbuilding industry in the USA is almost entirely focused on military production and is based on monopsony, which means the monopoly of a single buyer, namely the US Navy. The civilian shipbuilding share is minimal, with only 1% of global shipbuilding. Among the "Big Six," only NASSCO has been successful in the civilian shipbuilding market recently. The urban agglomerations of the Northeast Megalopolis are the centers of shipbuilding.

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