Question

A low-pressure hot-water system is described below. Water in the boiler is heated, and consequently becomes less dense than the cold water in the higher parts of the system. The denser cold water sinks to displace the heated water, which is forced to rise. In this way, a circulation of water is set up-the process known as convection. The water rises up the primary flow (PF) into the hot-water storage cylinder, or tank, and is replaced by water descending the primary return (PR). If a temperature difference is maintained between the water in the primary flow and that in the primary return, then the process will continue. This is called the primaty circulation and it is made more effective by connecting the primary flow to the upper region of both the boiler and the cylinder, and the primary return to the lower region of each. If a draw-off point is opened, water will be forced from it because of the height of the water in the feed lank (often this tank is also the building's main cold-water storage cistern). The hot-water supply is drawn from the top of the storage cylinder, where it collects because its density is lower than that of the colder water. Heating water causes the dissolved air contained in cold water to be released. Consequently, a vent pipe has to be taken from the top of the storage cylinder and carried up above the level of the water in the feed tank. The pipe allows air to escape from the system and, as a result, prevents the formation of air locks. A safety valve, set to operate at a certain pressure, is fitted to the system. Also, a draw-off point is fitted at the lowest part of the system so that it can be drained.

Answer 1

Низкого давления горячего водоснабжения описан ниже. Вода в низком давлении горячего водоснабжения описан ниже. Вода в котле нагревается, и, следовательно, становится менее плотным, чем холодной воды в более высоких частях системы. Чем плотнее холодной воде опускается на вытесняет нагретую воду, которая вынуждена расти. Таким образом, циркуляция воды установлен-процесса, известного как конвекции. Вода поднимается первичный поток (PF) в горячей воде хранения цилиндра или танк, и заменяется водой убывания первичной обратной (PR). Если разность температур поддерживается между воду в поток первичного и что в первичном контуре, то процесс будет продолжаться. Это называется primaty циркуляции и он сделан более эффективным путем подключения первичного потока в верхней области оба котла и цилиндром, и первичный возврат к нижней части каждого из них. Если отводной точке открыт, вода будет вынуждена от него из-за высоты воды в канале тощий (часто этот резервуар также основные холодной воды здании'' с хранения цистерны). Горячего водоснабжения поступает из верхней части цилиндра хранения, где она собирается, потому что его плотность ниже, чем в холодной воде. Отопление воды вызывает растворенного воздуха, содержащегося в холодной воде должен быть освобожден. Следовательно, вентиляционная труба должна быть принята от верхней части цилиндра хранения и возноситься над уровнем воды в питающий резервуар. Труб позволяет воздуху выходить из системы, и, как следствие, предотвращает образование воздушных пробок. Предохранительный клапан, которые должны срабатывать при определенном давлении, установлен в системе. Кроме того, отводной точка установлена ​​в самой нижней части системы так, что она может быть удалена.

Answer 2

A low-pressure hot-water system operates by utilizing the principle of convection. The water in the boiler is heated, causing it to become less dense compared to the cold water present in the higher regions of the system. As a result, the denser cold water sinks, displacing the heated water, which is forced to rise.

This circulation of water is known as convection and is the primary mechanism behind the functioning of the system. The heated water rises up the primary flow (PF) and enters the hot-water storage cylinder or tank. Simultaneously, water descends through the primary return (PR), replacing the water in the primary flow.

For the process to continue, a temperature difference needs to be maintained between the water in the primary flow and the water in the primary return. This is called the primary circulation. To maximize the effectiveness of the primary circulation, the primary flow is connected to the top regions of both the boiler and the cylinder, while the primary return is connected to the lower regions of both.

When a draw-off point is opened, water is forced out due to the higher water level in the feed tank, which often serves as the building's main cold-water storage cistern. The hot-water supply is drawn from the top of the storage cylinder where it accumulates because its density is lower than that of the colder water.

Heating water causes the dissolved air present in cold water to be released. To prevent the formation of air locks, a vent pipe is installed at the top of the storage cylinder, extending above the level of the water in the feed tank. This vent pipe allows air to escape from the system.

As a safety measure, a safety valve is incorporated into the system. This valve is set to operate at a specific pressure to prevent any potential overpressure situations. Additionally, a draw-off point is included at the lowest part of the system, allowing for the draining of the system if needed.