Question

Переведите текст с русского на английский, пожалуйста! Заранее спасибо На данный момент единого мнения о том, каковы предпосылки распада СССР не существует. Однако, большинство ученых едины в том, что зачатки их были заложены в самой идеологии большевиков, которые, пусть и во многом формально, признавали право наций на самоопределение. Ослабление центральной власти спровоцировало формирование новых властных центрах на окраинах государства. Стоит отметить, что похожие процессы происходили и в самом начале 20 века, в период, революций и краха Российской империи. Если говорить кратко причины распада СССР следующие: кризис, спровоцированный плановым характером экономики и приведший к дефициту многих товаров народного потребления; неудачные, во многом непродуманные, реформы, приведшие к резкому ухудшению уровня жизни; массовое недовольство населения перебоям поставок продуктов питания; все усиливающийся разрыв уровня жизни между гражданами СССР и гражданами стран капиталистического лагеря; обострение национальных противоречий; ослабление центральной власти; авторитарный характер советского общества, в том числе жесткая цензура, запрет церкви и так далее. Вот последствия распада СССР: • резкое сокращение производства во всех странах бывшего СССР и падение уровня жизни населения; • территория России сократилась на четверть; • доступ к морским портам вновь осложнился; • уменьшилось население России – фактически на половину; • возникновение многочисленных национальных конфликтов и появление территориальных претензий между бывшими республиками СССР; • началась глобализация – постепенно набирали ход процессы, превратившие мир в единую политическую, информационную, экономическую систему; • мир стал однополярным, а единственной сверхдержавой остались Соединенные Штаты.

Answer 1

At the moment, there is no consensus on what the preconditions for the collapse of the USSR do not exist. However, most scholars are united in the fact that their beginnings were laid in the very ideology of the Bolsheviks, which, albeit in many respects formally, recognized the right of nations to self-determination. The weakening of central power has provoked the formation of new power centers on the outskirts of the state. It is worth noting that similar processes occurred in the very beginning of the 20th century, in the period of revolutions and the collapse of the Russian Empire.
In short, the causes of the collapse of the USSR are as follows:
a crisis provoked by the planned nature of the economy and leading to a shortage of many consumer goods;unsuccessful, in many respects unreasoned, reforms, which led to a sharp deterioration in the standard of living;massive discontent of the population with interruptions in food supplies;an ever-widening gap in the standard of living between citizens of the USSR and citizens of the countries of the capitalist camp;aggravation of national contradictions;weakening of central authority;the authoritarian nature of Soviet society, including strict censorship, the prohibition of the church and so on.Here are the consequences of the collapse of the USSR:
• a sharp decline in production in all countries of the former USSR and a drop in the standard of living of the population;
• the territory of Russia decreased by a quarter;
• Access to seaports has once again become more difficult;
• the population of Russia has decreased - in fact, by half;
• the emergence of numerous national conflicts and the emergence of territorial claims between the former Soviet republics;
• Globalization has begun - processes that transformed the world into a single political, information, and economic system were gradually gaining momentum;
• The world became unipolar, and the only superpower was the United States.

Answer 2

At the moment, there is no single consensus on the causes of the collapse of the USSR. However, most scholars agree that the seeds of its dissolution were sown within the ideology of the Bolsheviks, who, albeit to some extent formally, recognized the right of nations to self-determination. The weakening of central authority led to the formation of new centers of power on the peripheries of the state. It's worth noting that similar processes occurred at the beginning of the 20th century during the period of revolutions and the collapse of the Russian Empire.

In short, the reasons for the collapse of the USSR are as follows: a crisis caused by the planned economy, resulting in shortages of many consumer goods; unsuccessful and largely ill-conceived reforms that sharply worsened the standard of living; widespread dissatisfaction with disruptions in food supplies; a growing disparity in living standards between citizens of the USSR and citizens of capitalist countries; heightened national conflicts; weakening central authority; the authoritarian nature of Soviet society, including strict censorship, the prohibition of the church, and so on.

Here are the consequences of the USSR's collapse: • A sharp reduction in production in all former USSR countries and a decline in the standard of living; • The territory of Russia decreased by a quarter; • Access to maritime ports became more difficult again; • The population of Russia decreased by nearly half; • Numerous national conflicts arose and territorial claims emerged among former Soviet republics; • Globalization began – gradual processes turned the world into a unified political, informational, and economic system; • The world became unipolar, with the United States remaining the sole superpower.