Question

1. Present Perfect, for and since. 2. Tag questions 3. Much/many, little/a little, few/a few 4. Say and tell Рассказать правила Пример present simple это прошедшие то есть если говорится писать в present simple надо писать предложение в прошедшим!

Answer 1

Как то так
1.We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the past and continues up to the present.

Examples 
   I have had this computer for about a year. 
   How long have you been at this school? 
   I haven't seen Julia since September.

2.Если первая часть вопроса утвердительная, то «Tag» − отрицательный. И наоборот: если первая часть вопроса отрицательная, то «Tag» — положительный.

V (+) …, tag (-) ?V (-) …, tag (+) ?

Например:

She is at home, isn’t she?(+) (-)She isn’t at home, is she?(-) (+)

3.

1. When do we use much and when many?much: uncountable nouns (milk, marmalade, money, time etc.)many: countable nouns (bottles of milk, jars of marmalade, dollars, minutes etc.)

Examples:

How much money have you got?How many dollars have you got?

In informal English these questions are often answered with a lot of, lots of. There is no much difference between the two phrases.

2. When do we use a little/little and when a few/few?a little: non countable nouns (milk, marmalade, money, time etc.)a few: countable nouns (bottles of milk, jars of marmalade, dollars, minutes etc.)

Examples:

He has a little money left.He has a few dollars left.

We use few and little without the article a to point out a more negative meaning.

Examples:

A few students of our school know this. (There are some student who know it.)Few students know this. (It is almost unkonown.)
4.PRESENT SIMPLE Обозначает действие в настоящем времени, но не привязаны к моменту речи: - могут повторяться время от времени: ежедневно (every day), каждое утро/вечер/год (every morning / evening/ year);- обычно (usually);- часто (often);- редко (seldom); - иногда (sometimes).УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ:Порядок слов: существительное (местоимение) + глагол (без частицы to). В 3 лице единственного числа (он, она, оно, Миша, Аня) к глаголу прибавляется окончание -s.Примеры:I play football every evening.You often sing in the bathroom.We sometims go on a picnic.He/She/It jumps.ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ (не - not)Образуется с помощью глагола DO + отрицательная частица not. Ставится перед глаголом.Примеры:I do not (don't) play football every evening.You do not sing in the bathroom.We do not go on a picnic.He/She/It does not jump. (Обратите внимание, окончание -s присоединяется к вспомогательному глаголу do за которым следует глагол, обозначающий действие без окончания).ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯСтроится с помощью вспомогательного глагола DO или DOES (3 лицо, ед.ч.), который ставится на первом месте.Примеры:Do you play football every evening?Do you often sing in the bathroom?Do you go on a picnic?Does he/she/itjump? (окончание -s, как и в отрицательных предложениях, присоединяется к вспомогательному глаголу does=do+s)
PAST SIMPLEИспользуется для обозначения действия, которое произошло в определенное время в прошлом и время совершения которого уже истекло (last year (в прошлом году); two days ago (два дня назад); yesterday (вчера)).Образуется → глагол + окончание ed (правильные глаголы), форма прошедшего времени для неправильных глаголов указана в "Таблице неправильных глаголов".Примеры:I worked yesterday.He played football five days ago.ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯОбразуются с помощью глагола do в прошедшем времени DID + отрицательная частица NOT, после которых стоит глагол-действие в начальной форме.Примеры:I did not workyesterday.He did not play football five days ago.ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯОбразуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола DID, который ставится на первом месте (глагол, обозначающий действие, пишется в начальной форме).Примеры:Did you workyesterday?Did he play football five days ago?

Answer 2

1. Present Perfect, for, and since:

Present Perfect is a tense used to talk about past actions or experiences that have a connection to the present. It is formed with the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" and the past participle of the main verb.

• Affirmative: Subject + have/has + past participle (e.g., I have seen, She has gone).
• Negative: Subject + have/has + not + past participle (e.g., They have not finished, He hasn't arrived).
• Questions: Have/Has + subject + past participle? (e.g., Have you heard, Has she left?)

"FOR" and "SINCE" are used with the Present Perfect to indicate the duration of an action or state.

• "FOR" is used to specify a period of time. Example: I have lived in this city for three years.

• "SINCE" is used to specify the starting point of the action or state. Example: She has been working here since 2010.

2. Tag questions:

Tag questions are short questions added at the end of a sentence to seek confirmation, agreement, or to encourage a response from the listener. The form of the tag is based on the main clause.

• Positive statement → Negative tag question Example: You like coffee, don't you?

• Negative statement → Positive tag question Example: They aren't coming, are they?

3. Much/many, little/a little, few/a few:

"Much" and "many" are used with uncountable and countable nouns, respectively, to express a large quantity.

• Much: Used with uncountable nouns (e.g., much water, much information).
• Many: Used with countable nouns (e.g., many books, many people).

"Little" and "a little" are used with uncountable nouns to express a small quantity.

• Little: Expresses a negative sense of scarcity (e.g., little time, little money).
• A little: Expresses a positive sense of some quantity being present (e.g., a little effort, a little sugar).

"Few" and "a few" are used with countable nouns to express a small quantity.

• Few: Expresses a negative sense of scarcity (e.g., few opportunities, few friends).
• A few: Expresses a positive sense of some quantity being present (e.g., a few minutes, a few apples).

4. Say and tell:

"Say" and "tell" are both verbs used for communication, but they are used differently.

• "Say" is used to report spoken words without a direct object (the person spoken to is not mentioned). Example: She said, "Hello."

• "Tell" is used when the speaker conveys information, instructions, or a message to someone specific (a direct object - the person spoken to - is required). Example: He told me to wait here.

Remember that present simple is not about past events; it is used to talk about general truths, habits, routines, or regular occurrences in the present. For past events, you would indeed use past tenses like the past simple.