Question

Помогите пожалуйста!!! VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения. 1) The invention of the steam locomotives made the railway the most important means of transportation. 2) The locomotive will operate with greater safety if equipped with the automatic driver. 3) Moscow Metro is one of the most highly developed underground systems in the world. 4) Moscow Metro is equipped with the latest machinery. 5) The most heavily-used single-track lines should be double-tracked. VII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени. 1) (Great) weight of concrete sleepers provide (great) stability of the track. 2) (Modern) method of railway construction is laying the track in pre-assembled lengths. 3) (Powerful) locomotives are used to draw long trains. 4) Welding rails together produces (comfortable) ride of rolling stock. 5) Electric locomotives are (reliable) than diesel ones. VIII. Перепишите предложения. Задайте общие вопросы и специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым словам. 1) The journey from Moscow to Vladivostok in the "Rossiya" express takes you only seven days. 2) Ballast keeps the railroad track in level and in line. 3) Crushed rock is the best kind of ballast. 4) Movable switch points turn trains from one track to another. 5) The rail joint is the weakest part of a track structure. IX. Перепишите и переведите текст. Roadbed. Laying the Track Railway facilities are usually divided into two general groups: road and equipment. The right-of-way is sometimes from five to ten miles wide. It is must be carefully prepared for laying down the tracks. At first it must be cleared from the trees, bushes and then graded by special machines. The roadbed is usually laid out on the right-of-way. The roadbed may have a foundation of earth or subballast on which the ballast itself is laid. Ballast consists of gravel, stone, slag, sand or similar materials and is not less than 24 inches deep. First, it is necessary to determine the number of tracks, then to calculate the width of ballast. The roadbed is prepared for laying ballast. To speed up track laying operation the track laying machine is used. In operation it picks up a length of new track from a loaded wagon, then moves forward and places it on the road. Ballast cleaners are other mechanical aids. Welding has become an important feature of modern track maintenance. Initially 60ft rails are electrically welded into 300ft lengths in depots and then conveyed to the site. After relaying the 300ft lengths are welded together in site. right-of-way — полоса отвода weld — сваривать site — участок, на котором производятся работы Х. . Ответьте на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста. 1) What groups are railway facilities divided into? 2) What is prepared first in track-laying operation? 3) What is laid on the right-of-way? 4) What does ballast consist of? 5) What has become an important feature of modern track maintenance?

Answer 1

1. Изобретение паровозов сделало жд дорогу самым важным средством передвижения.

На локомотиве будет ездить более безопасно, если он оснащен автоматическим водителем.

Московское метро является одной из самых развитых подземных систем во всем мире

Московское метро оснащено последними новинками машинного оборудования.

Самые используемые однопутные линии должны отслеживаться дважды.

 

VII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.  

The gratest weight of concrete sleepers provide grater stability of the track. Наибольший вес бетонных шпал обеспечивает большую устойчивость путя

The most modern method of railway construction is laying the track in pre-assembled lengths. Наисовременнейший метод конструирования жд путей заключается в укладке дорожки в предварительно собранных длинах  

The most powerful locomotives are used to draw long trains. Самый мощные локомотивы используются, чтобы вести длинные поезда

Welding rails together produces the most comfortable ride of rolling stock.Сварочные рельсы создают самую комфортную поездку подвижного состава

Electric locomotives are more reliable than diesel ones. Электрические локомотивы более надежные, чем дизельные

VIII. Перепишите предложения. Задайте общие вопросы и специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.  

1) Does the journey from Moskow to Vladivostok take only seven days?

What journey do you take part only for seven days?

2) Does ballast keep the railroad in level and in line?

Who does take the railroad track in level?

3) Is crushed rock the best kind of ballast?

What rock can be used as a ballast?

4) Do movable switch points turn fron one track to another?

What switch points do trains use to turn fron one to another?

5) Is the rail joint is the weakest part?

Which part of a track structure is the wickest one?

IX. Перепишите и переведите текст.  

Roadbed. Laying the Track

Жд оборудование обычно подразделяются на две категории: путь и экипировка. Ширина полосы отвода около 5-10 миль . Она должна быть тщательно подготовлена к прокладке пути. Для начала она должна быть отчищена от деревьев и кустов, затем отполирована специальными машинами. На полосе отвода обычно находится дорожное полотно. Дорожное полотно может иметь в основе землю или мусор, сверху которого наносится балласт. Балласт состоит из гравия, камня, шлака , песка или из похожих материалов, и глубина его составлять не мене чем 24 дюйма. Для начала необходимо определить точное количество путей, затем вычислить ширину балласта. Дорожное полотно готовится к укладке балласта. Чтобы ускорить процесс укладки балласта , используют специальную предназначенную машину для этого. В ходе операции она берет длину нового пути из загруженного вагона, потом едет вперед и ставит на дорогу.                                

Очистители балласта другие механические средства. Сварка стала важной особенностью технического обслуживания современных путей. Первоначально 60-футовые рельсы сварируются электрически в 300 футов длины в депо, затем транспортируются на участок. После ретрансляции  общая длина в 300 футов сварируется вместе на участке  

Х. . Ответьте на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1) Railway facilities are divided into two general groups: road and equipment

2)At first it must be cleared from the trees, bushes

3)The roadbed is  laid out on the right-of-way.

4)Ballast consists of gravel, stone, slag, sand

5)Welding has become an important feature of modern track maintenance.

Answer 2

VI. Rewrite and translate the sentences, paying attention to the use of adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees. Underline the adjectives in the English sentences and indicate the degree of comparison.

1. The invention of the steam locomotives made the railway the most important means of transportation. (superlative)

2. The locomotive will operate with greater safety if equipped with the automatic driver. (comparative)

3. Moscow Metro is one of the most highly developed underground systems in the world. (superlative)

4. Moscow Metro is equipped with the latest machinery. (positive)

5. The most heavily-used single-track lines should be double-tracked. (superlative)

VII. Rewrite and translate the sentences, using the adjectives given in brackets in the comparative or superlative degree.

1. The great weight of concrete sleepers provides great stability of the track. (superlative)

2. The modern method of railway construction is laying the track in pre-assembled lengths. (positive)

3. Powerful locomotives are used to draw long trains. (comparative)

4. Welding rails together produces a more comfortable ride of rolling stock. (comparative)

5. Electric locomotives are more reliable than diesel ones. (comparative)

VIII. Rewrite the sentences. Form general questions and special questions to the underlined words.

1. The journey from Moscow to Vladivostok in the "Rossiya" express takes you only seven days.

General Question: Does the journey from Moscow to Vladivostok in the "Rossiya" express take only seven days?

Special Question: How long does the journey from Moscow to Vladivostok take in the "Rossiya" express?

2. Ballast keeps the railroad track level and in line.

General Question: Does ballast keep the railroad track level and in line?

Special Question: What does ballast do to the railroad track?

3. Crushed rock is the best kind of ballast.

General Question: Is crushed rock the best kind of ballast?

Special Question: What is the best kind of ballast?

4. Movable switch points turn trains from one track to another.

General Question: Do movable switch points turn trains from one track to another?

Special Question: What turns trains from one track to another?

5. The rail joint is the weakest part of a track structure.

General Question: Is the rail joint the weakest part of a track structure?

Special Question: What is the weakest part of a track structure?

IX. Rewrite and translate the text.

Roadbed. Laying the Track

Railway facilities are usually divided into two general groups: road and equipment. The right-of-way is sometimes from five to ten miles wide. It must be carefully prepared for laying down the tracks. At first, it must be cleared from the trees and bushes and then graded by special machines. The roadbed is usually laid out on the right-of-way. The roadbed may have a foundation of earth or subballast on which the ballast itself is laid. Ballast consists of gravel, stone, slag, sand, or similar materials and is not less than 24 inches deep. First, it is necessary to determine the number of tracks, then to calculate the width of the ballast. The roadbed is prepared for laying ballast. To speed up track laying operation, the track-laying machine is used. In operation, it picks up a length of new track from a loaded wagon, then moves forward and places it on the road. Ballast cleaners are other mechanical aids. Welding has become an important feature of modern track maintenance. Initially, 60ft rails are electrically welded into 300ft lengths in depots and then conveyed to the site. After relaying, the 300ft lengths are welded together on-site.

Russian terms:

right-of-way — полоса отвода

weld — сваривать

site — участок, на котором производятся работы

X. Answer the questions according to the content of the text.

1. What groups are railway facilities divided into? Railway facilities are divided into two general groups: road and equipment.

2. What is prepared first in track-laying operation? The right-of-way is prepared first in track-laying operation. It must be carefully cleared and graded.

3. What is laid on the right-of-way? The roadbed is usually laid out on the right-of-way.

4. What does ballast consist of? Ballast consists of gravel, stone, slag, sand, or similar materials.

5. What has become an important feature of modern track maintenance? Welding has become an important feature of modern track maintenance.