Question

The text The differences in the politics of Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II help explain the style of dress of the two men in these two portraits. The picture shows Oliver Cromwell who ruled England as Lord Protector. Cromwell believed in telling the truth and would not let painters flatter him. He wanted to be painted «warts and all». Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan. His policy was severe, he ruled as a dictator. Under his rule, English men and women had to obey the strict and solemn rule of the Puritans as «children of God». The Puritans outlawed horse racing, gambling, public dancing, newspapers, and wearing fancy clothers. The Puritans also closed the theatres, since to them plays were spectacles of pleasure. During his reign, fashions were very somber and sober arrays. Tucks and dye-stuffs were considered sinful. During Cromwell’s Protectorship, Charles II lived in Paris. In 1660 he became the King of England. He preferred the pleasure of being King to the hard work of ruling the country. Charles II, who «never said a foolish thing, nor ever did a wise one» was a welcome change from Cromwellian rule. His reign was carefree and relaxed, as his portrait suggests. In sharp contrast to the drab Puritan leader, Charles II enjoyed elegant garments. His court copied the plush clothing, rich jewellery, and elaborate wigs of Paris. They also wore lace cuffs.WORDSFancy – 1) модный, 2) причудливый, 3) маскарадныйSomber – 1) тёмный, мрачный, 2) угрюмыйSober – 1) умеренный, 2) рассудительный, 3) спокойный ( о красках)Drab – 1) тускло-коричневый, 2) скучный, бесцветныйPlush – плюшевыйElaborate – продуманный, изысканныйCuff – манжетаTuck – складка, оборкаDye stuff – красящее веществоGarments , array, apparel = clothesThe textThe differences in the politics of Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II help explain the style of dress of the two men in these two portraits. The picture shows Oliver Cromwell who ruled England as Lord Protector. Cromwell believed in telling the truth and would not let painters flatter him. He wanted to be painted «warts and all». Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan. His policy was severe, he ruled as a dictator. Under his rule, English men and women had to obey the strict and solemn rule of the Puritans as «children of God». The Puritans outlawed horse racing, gambling, public dancing, newspapers, and wearing fancy clothers. The Puritans also closed the theatres, since to them plays were spectacles of pleasure. During his reign, fashions were very somber and sober arrays. Tucks and dye-stuffs were considered sinful. During Cromwell’s Protectorship, Charles II lived in Paris. In 1660 he became the King of England. He preferred the pleasure of being King to the hard work of ruling the country. Charles II, who «never said a foolish thing, nor ever did a wise one» was a welcome change from Cromwellian rule. His reign was carefree and relaxed, as his portrait suggests. In sharp contrast to the drab Puritan leader, Charles II enjoyed elegant garments. His court copied the plush clothing, rich jewellery, and elaborate wigs of Paris. They also wore lace cuffs.WORDSFancy – 1) модный, 2) причудливый, 3) маскарадныйSomber – 1) тёмный, мрачный, 2) угрюмыйSober – 1) умеренный, 2) рассудительный, 3) спокойный ( о красках)Drab – 1) тускло-коричневый, 2) скучный, бесцветныйPlush – плюшевыйElaborate – продуманный, изысканныйCuff – манжетаTuck – складка, оборкаDye stuff – красящее веществоGarments , array, apparel = clothes​

Answer 1

И чо я должен решать

Answer 2

wore lace cuffs.

The differences in the political beliefs and policies of Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II are reflected in their respective styles of dress, as depicted in their portraits. Cromwell, who governed England as Lord Protector, held strong Puritan ideals. He valued honesty and refused to allow artists to depict him in a flattering manner. He famously requested to be painted "warts and all," symbolizing his commitment to authenticity. Cromwell's leadership was characterized by strict and somber Puritan principles, where he ruled with a firm hand and sought to enforce the moral and religious standards of the Puritan community.

The Puritans, under Cromwell's rule, imposed a range of restrictions on various aspects of daily life, including entertainment, attire, and behavior. Horse racing, gambling, public dancing, and wearing extravagant or fashionable clothing were all forbidden by the Puritan regime. Theatres were closed down, as plays were deemed to promote sinful pleasures. This strict and serious environment extended to fashion, with somber and modest attire being favored. Fancy clothing, elaborate embellishments, and bright colors were seen as inappropriate and even sinful by Puritan standards.

In contrast, King Charles II, who ascended to the throne in 1660 after the end of Cromwell's Protectorate, represented a departure from the austere Puritan rule. Charles II was known for his more relaxed and pleasure-seeking approach to governance. He embraced a carefree lifestyle, and his reign was marked by a more indulgent atmosphere compared to the strict Puritan regime that preceded it.

Charles II's preference for luxury and extravagance was evident in his personal style and the attire of his court. The King and his courtiers adopted the elegant fashion trends of Paris, which included plush clothing, opulent jewelry, and elaborate wigs. Lace cuffs, symbolizing refinement and sophistication, were a common accessory. This shift in fashion mirrored Charles II's more lenient policies and his pursuit of enjoyment and pleasure as opposed to the stern rule of Cromwell.

Overall, the contrasting political ideologies and governing styles of Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II were mirrored in their portraits and the clothing they and their courts wore. Cromwell's Puritan severity translated into somber and modest attire, while Charles II's more relaxed rule was reflected in his court's adoption of opulent and elaborate fashion.