Question

What occurs in the body when we feel stressed?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

[en]

A small one-time stress increases the immune system. Increases the production of the hormone cortisol, which improves blood circulation. A portion of white blood cells is released into the blood. When the situation normalizes, the physiological parameters of the body are quickly restored to normal values.Heart disease Stressful situations always cause an increased heart rate. Regular tachycardia has a devastating effect on the heart and leads to the appearance of various diseases.

[ru]

Небольшой разовый стресс усиливает иммунитет. Повышается выработка гормона кортизола, улучшающая кровообращение. В кровь выбрасывается порция лейкоцитов. Когда ситуация нормализуется, физиологические показатели организма быстро восстанавливаются до нормальных значений.Болезни сердца Стрессовые ситуации всегда вызывают учащение ритма сердцебиения. Регулярная тахикардия разрушительно влияет на сердце и приводит к появлению различных болезней.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

When we feel stressed, the body undergoes a complex physiological response known as the "stress response" or "fight-or-flight response." This response is designed to help us deal with perceived threats or challenges, whether they are physical or psychological in nature. Here's what occurs in the body when we feel stressed:

1. Activation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis:

   • The stress response begins in the brain with the activation of the hypothalamus, a region responsible for regulating various bodily functions, including stress responses.
   • The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
   • ACTH then stimulates the adrenal glands, which sit on top of your kidneys, to release stress hormones, primarily cortisol and adrenaline (epinephrine).

2. Release of Stress Hormones:

   • Cortisol: Often referred to as the "stress hormone," cortisol plays a key role in mobilizing energy reserves, increasing blood sugar levels, and suppressing non-essential functions like digestion and the immune response.
   • Adrenaline: Adrenaline is responsible for the immediate, rapid response to stress. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and directs blood flow to muscles, preparing the body for physical exertion.

3. Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure:

   • Adrenaline causes the heart to beat faster, increasing cardiac output to pump more blood to muscles and the brain.
   • Elevated blood pressure helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to vital organs.

4. Enhanced Respiration:

   • Breathing rate increases to supply more oxygen to the bloodstream, aiding the body's energy production.

5. Muscle Tension:

   • Stress can cause muscle tension and prepare the body for physical action.

6. Dilation of Pupils:

   • Adrenaline causes the pupils of the eyes to dilate, improving visual perception and focus.

7. Blood Sugar Regulation:

   • Cortisol increases blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, providing extra energy for the body.

8. Suppression of Non-Essential Functions:

   • Stress hormones suppress the digestive system, which can lead to reduced appetite or digestive discomfort.
   • The immune system's response is also temporarily reduced.

9. Heightened Awareness and Alertness:

   • Stress enhances cognitive alertness and vigilance, helping you react quickly to perceived threats.

10. Emotional Responses:

    • Stress can trigger a range of emotional responses, including anxiety, fear, irritability, and a sense of urgency.

11. Preparation for Action:

    • The stress response prepares the body for either "fight or flight." In situations of physical danger, it helps you react quickly. In modern life, it can also be triggered by non-physical stressors, such as work deadlines or relationship issues.

Once the perceived threat or stressor is no longer present, the body's stress response should naturally subside, and its various physiological changes should return to baseline. However, chronic or excessive stress can have negative effects on physical and mental health, so it's important to manage stress through relaxation techniques, exercise, and other stress-reduction strategies.