Question

Read the text: An important feature of hot working is that it provides the improvement of mechanical properties of metals. Hot-working (hot-rolling or hot-forging) eliminates porosity, directionality, and segregation that are usually present and toughness than the unworked casting. During the forging of a bar, the grains of the metal become greatly elongated in the direction of flow. As a result, the toughness of the metal is greatly improved in this direction and weakened in directions transverse to the flow. Good forging makes the flow lines in the finished part oriented so as to lie in the direction of maximum stress when the part is placed in service. The ability of a metal to resist thinning and fracture during cold-working operations plays an important role in alloy selection. In operations that involve stretching, the best alloys are those which grow stronger with strain (strain hardening) – for example, the copper-zinc alloy, brass, used for cartridges and the aluminium-magnesium alloys in beverage cans, which exhibit greater strain hardening. Fracture of the workpiece during forming can result from inner flaws in the metal. These flaws often consist of nonmetallic inclusions such as oxides or sulfides that are trapped in the metal during refining. Such inclusions can be avoided by proper manufacturing procedures. The ability of different metals to undergo strain varies. The change of the shape after one forming operation is often limited by the tensile ductility of the metal. Metals such as copper and aluminium are more ductile in such operations than other metals. 3. Find the following phrases in the text: 1. Важная особенность горячей обработки; 2. улучшение механических свойств металла; 3. необработанная отливка; 4. направление максимального напряжения; 5. способность сопротивляться утончению и разрушению; 6. проявлять большее деформационное упрочнение; 7. разрушение детали при штамповке; 8. способность металлов подвергаться деформации; 9. ограничивается пластичностью металла при растяжении.

Answer 1

1. Важная особенность горячей обработки -  An important feature of hot working
2. улучшение механических свойств металла - the improvement of mechanical properties of metals
3. необработанная отливка - the unworked casting
4. направление максимального напряжения - the direction of maximum stress
5. способность сопротивляться утончению и разрушению - The ability of a metal to resist thinning and fracture
6. проявлять большее деформационное упрочнение - exhibit greater strain hardening
7. разрушение детали при штамповке -  Fracture of the workpiece during forming
8. способность металлов подвергаться деформации - The ability of different metals to undergo strain
9. ограничивается пластичностью металла при растяжении - limited by the tensile ductility of the metal

Answer 2

1. Важная особенность горячей обработки - An important feature of hot working
2. Улучшение механических свойств металла - Improvement of mechanical properties of metals
3. Необработанная отливка - Unworked casting
4. Направление максимального напряжения - Direction of maximum stress
5. Способность сопротивляться утончению и разрушению - Ability to resist thinning and fracture
6. Проявлять большее деформационное упрочнение - Exhibit greater strain hardening
7. Разрушение детали при штамповке - Fracture of the workpiece during forming
8. Способность металлов подвергаться деформации - Ability of metals to undergo strain
9. Ограничивается пластичностью металла при растяжении - Is often limited by the tensile ductility of the metal